Snapshot as lots broken. Taken snapshot before reverting commits

2025-12-17 17:28:40 +00:00
parent ce6c2298a1
commit 3addaca2f2
22 changed files with 3319 additions and 183 deletions
--- a/src/components/site-footer.astro
+++ b/src/components/site-footer.astro
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<footer class="site-footer">
+  <div class="site-footer__inner">
+    <div class="site-footer__text">
+      COMPUTER SCIENCE CONCEPT SIMULATORS<br />
+      © 2025 COMPUTING:BOX • CREATED WITH ♥ BY MR LYALL
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</footer>
--- a/src/components/site-header.astro
+++ b/src/components/site-header.astro
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+---
+const nav = [
+  { href: "/about", label: "About" },
+  { href: "/binary", label: "Binary" },
+  { href: "/hexadecimal", label: "Hexadecimal" },
+  { href: "/hex-colours", label: "Hex Colours" },
+  { href: "/logic-gates", label: "Logic Gates" },
+];
+---
+<header class="site-header">
+  <div class="site-header__inner">
+    <a class="site-header__brand" href="/" aria-label="Computing:Box home">
+      <img class="site-header__logo" src="/img/logo.png" alt="" width="26" height="26" />
+      <span class="site-header__name">COMPUTING:BOX</span>
+    </a>
+
+    <nav class="site-header__nav" aria-label="Primary">
+      {nav.map((i) => (
+        <a class="site-header__link" href={i.href}>
+          {i.label.toUpperCase()}
+        </a>
+      ))}
+    </nav>
+  </div>
+</header>
--- a/src/pages/binary.astro
+++ b/src/pages/binary.astro
@@ -4,23 +4,21 @@ import "../styles/binary.css";
 ---

 <BaseLayout title="Binary Simulator">
-  <main class="wrap">
-    <!-- Toolbox toggle sits below navbar (navbar is in BaseLayout) -->
-    <button id="toolboxToggle" class="toolboxToggle" type="button" aria-expanded="true">
-      <span class="toolboxIcon" aria-hidden="true">🧰</span>
-      <span class="toolboxText">TOOLBOX</span>
-    </button>
+  <button id="toolboxToggle" class="toolboxToggle" type="button" aria-expanded="true">
+    <span class="toolboxIcon" aria-hidden="true">🧰</span>
+    <span class="toolboxLabel">TOOLBOX</span>
+  </button>

+  <main class="wrap">
    <section class="topGrid">
      <!-- LEFT -->
-      <div class="mainCol">
+      <div>
        <div class="readout">
          <div class="label">Denary</div>
          <div id="denaryNumber" class="num denaryValue">0</div>

          <div class="label">Binary</div>
-          <!-- NOTE: JS writes exact bit-width here, so initial value doesn't matter much -->
-          <div id="binaryNumber" class="num binaryValue">00000000</div>
+          <div id="binaryNumber" class="num binaryValue">0000 0000</div>
        </div>

        <div class="divider"></div>
@@ -30,22 +28,19 @@ import "../styles/binary.css";
        </section>
      </div>

-      <!-- RIGHT (Toolbox panel) -->
-      <aside id="toolboxPanel" class="panelCol" aria-label="Toolbox">
-        <!-- Settings -->
+      <!-- RIGHT TOOLBOX -->
+      <aside id="toolbox" class="panelCol" aria-label="Toolbox">
+        <!-- SETTINGS -->
        <div class="card">
          <div class="cardTitle">Settings</div>

          <div class="toggleRow">
            <div class="toggleLabel" id="lblUnsigned">Unsigned</div>
-
            <label class="switch" aria-label="Toggle mode">
              <input id="modeToggle" type="checkbox" />
              <span class="slider"></span>
            </label>
-
-            <!-- keep this on ONE line -->
-            <div class="toggleLabel" id="lblTwos">Two&apos;s&nbsp;complement</div>
+            <div class="toggleLabel" id="lblTwos">Two&rsquo;s complement</div>
          </div>

          <div class="hint" id="modeHint">
@@ -54,7 +49,6 @@ import "../styles/binary.css";

          <div class="subCard">
            <div class="subTitle">Bit width</div>
-
            <div class="bitWidthRow">
              <button class="miniBtn" id="btnBitsDown" type="button" aria-label="Decrease bits">−</button>

@@ -78,34 +72,37 @@ import "../styles/binary.css";
          </div>
        </div>

-        <!-- Custom Number -->
+        <!-- CUSTOM -->
        <div class="card">
-          <div class="cardTitle">Custom Number</div>
+          <div class="cardTitle">Custom</div>

-          <div class="controlsRow">
-            <button class="btn btnAccent btnHalf" id="btnCustomBinary" type="button">Custom Binary</button>
-            <button class="btn btnAccent btnHalf" id="btnCustomDenary" type="button">Custom Denary</button>
+          <div class="twoBtnRow">
+            <button class="btn btnAccent" id="btnCustomBinary" type="button">Custom Binary</button>
+            <button class="btn btnAccent" id="btnCustomDenary" type="button">Custom Denary</button>
          </div>

-          <button class="btn btnWide" id="btnRandom" type="button">Random</button>
+          <button class="toolBtn toolWide toolRandom" id="btnRandom" type="button">
+            Random
+          </button>
+
          <div class="hint">Random runs briefly then stops automatically.</div>
        </div>

-        <!-- Tools -->
+        <!-- TOOLS -->
        <div class="card">
          <div class="cardTitle">Tools</div>

-          <div class="toolRowCentered">
-            <button class="toolBtn toolSpin toolDec" id="btnDec" type="button" aria-label="Decrement">▼</button>
-            <button class="toolBtn toolSpin toolInc" id="btnInc" type="button" aria-label="Increment">▲</button>
+          <div class="toolsTopRow">
+            <button class="toolBtn toolArrow toolDown" id="btnDec" type="button" aria-label="Decrement">▼</button>
+            <button class="toolBtn toolArrow toolUp" id="btnInc" type="button" aria-label="Increment">▲</button>
          </div>

-          <div class="toolRow2">
-            <button class="btn btnHalf" id="btnShiftLeft" type="button">Left Shift</button>
-            <button class="btn btnHalf" id="btnShiftRight" type="button">Right Shift</button>
+          <div class="twoBtnRow">
+            <button class="btn" id="btnShiftLeft" type="button">Left Shift</button>
+            <button class="btn" id="btnShiftRight" type="button">Right Shift</button>
          </div>

-          <button class="btn btnReset btnWide" id="btnClear" type="button">Reset</button>
+          <button class="toolBtn toolWide toolReset" id="btnClear" type="button">Reset</button>
        </div>
      </aside>
    </section>
--- a/src/scripts/binary.js
+++ b/src/scripts/binary.js
@@ -34,11 +34,8 @@
  ----------------------------- */
  let bitCount = clampInt(Number(bitsInput?.value ?? 8), 1, 64);
  let bits = new Array(bitCount).fill(false);
-  let randomTimer = null;

-  // For responsive wrapping of the top binary display
-  let nibblesPerLine = null;
-  let wrapMeasureSpan = null;
+  let randomTimer = null;

  /* -----------------------------
     HELPERS
@@ -83,7 +80,6 @@
  function unsignedBigIntToBits(vUnsigned) {
    const span = unsignedMaxExclusive(bitCount);
    const v = ((vUnsigned % span) + span) % span;
-
    for (let i = 0; i < bitCount; i++) {
      bits[i] = ((v >> BigInt(i)) & 1n) === 1n;
    }
@@ -102,6 +98,16 @@
    unsignedBigIntToBits(v);
  }

+  function formatBinaryGrouped() {
+    let s = "";
+    for (let i = bitCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+      s += bits[i] ? "1" : "0";
+      const posFromRight = (bitCount - i);
+      if (i !== 0 && posFromRight % 4 === 0) s += " ";
+    }
+    return s;
+  }
+
  function updateModeHint() {
    if (!modeHint) return;
    modeHint.textContent = isTwosMode()
@@ -109,72 +115,6 @@
      : "Tip: In unsigned binary, all bits represent positive values.";
  }

-  /* -----------------------------
-     TOP BINARY DISPLAY: responsive wrap by nibble count
-  ----------------------------- */
-  function ensureWrapMeasurer() {
-    if (wrapMeasureSpan || !binaryEl) return;
-    wrapMeasureSpan = document.createElement("span");
-    wrapMeasureSpan.style.position = "absolute";
-    wrapMeasureSpan.style.visibility = "hidden";
-    wrapMeasureSpan.style.whiteSpace = "pre";
-    wrapMeasureSpan.style.pointerEvents = "none";
-    // Inherit font/letterspacing from binaryEl
-    wrapMeasureSpan.style.font = getComputedStyle(binaryEl).font;
-    wrapMeasureSpan.style.letterSpacing = getComputedStyle(binaryEl).letterSpacing;
-    document.body.appendChild(wrapMeasureSpan);
-  }
-
-  function computeNibblesPerLine() {
-    if (!binaryEl) return null;
-    ensureWrapMeasurer();
-
-    // Available width = width of the readout area (binaryEl parent)
-    const host = binaryEl.parentElement;
-    if (!host) return null;
-
-    const hostW = host.getBoundingClientRect().width;
-    if (!Number.isFinite(hostW) || hostW <= 0) return null;
-
-    // Measure one nibble including trailing space ("0000 ")
-    wrapMeasureSpan.textContent = "0000 ";
-    const nibbleW = wrapMeasureSpan.getBoundingClientRect().width || 1;
-
-    // Safety: keep at least 1 nibble per line
-    const max = Math.max(1, Math.floor(hostW / nibbleW));
-    return max;
-  }
-
-  function formatBinaryWrapped() {
-    // EXACT bitCount digits (no padding to 4)
-    let raw = "";
-    for (let i = bitCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) raw += bits[i] ? "1" : "0";
-
-    // If <= 4 bits, do NOT insert spaces/newlines at all
-    if (bitCount <= 4) return raw;
-
-    const groups = [];
-    for (let i = 0; i < raw.length; i += 4) {
-      groups.push(raw.slice(i, i + 4));
-    }
-
-    const perLine = nibblesPerLine ?? groups.length;
-    if (perLine >= groups.length) return groups.join(" ");
-
-    const lines = [];
-    for (let i = 0; i < groups.length; i += perLine) {
-      lines.push(groups.slice(i, i + perLine).join(" "));
-    }
-    return lines.join("\n");
-  }
-
-  function refreshBinaryWrap() {
-    const next = computeNibblesPerLine();
-    // Only update if it actually changes (prevents jitter)
-    if (next !== nibblesPerLine) nibblesPerLine = next;
-    updateReadout(); // re-render with new wrap
-  }
-
  /* -----------------------------
     BUILD UI (BITS)
  ----------------------------- */
@@ -188,17 +128,9 @@

    bitsGrid.innerHTML = "";

-    bitsGrid.classList.toggle("bitsFew", bitCount < 8);
-    if (bitCount < 8) {
-      bitsGrid.style.setProperty("--cols", String(bitCount));
-    } else {
-      bitsGrid.style.removeProperty("--cols");
-    }
-
    for (let i = bitCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      const bitEl = document.createElement("div");
      bitEl.className = "bit";
-
      bitEl.innerHTML = `
        <div class="bulb" id="bulb-${i}" aria-hidden="true">💡</div>
        <div class="bitVal" id="bitLabel-${i}"></div>
@@ -207,7 +139,6 @@
          <span class="slider"></span>
        </label>
      `;
-
      bitsGrid.appendChild(bitEl);
    }

@@ -219,28 +150,6 @@
      });
    });

-    // bulb styling + 25% bigger (vs 26px previously)
-    for (let i = 0; i < bitCount; i++) {
-      const bulb = document.getElementById(`bulb-${i}`);
-      if (!bulb) continue;
-      bulb.style.width = "auto";
-      bulb.style.height = "auto";
-      bulb.style.border = "none";
-      bulb.style.background = "transparent";
-      bulb.style.borderRadius = "0";
-      bulb.style.boxShadow = "none";
-      bulb.style.opacity = "0.45";
-      bulb.style.fontSize = "32px";
-      bulb.style.lineHeight = "1";
-      bulb.style.display = "flex";
-      bulb.style.alignItems = "center";
-      bulb.style.justifyContent = "center";
-      bulb.style.filter = "grayscale(1)";
-      bulb.textContent = "💡";
-    }
-
-    // wrapping may change when bit width changes
-    refreshBinaryWrap();
    updateUI();
  }

@@ -252,8 +161,10 @@
      const label = document.getElementById(`bitLabel-${i}`);
      if (!label) continue;

+      // Keep label on ONE LINE (no wrapping)
+      label.style.whiteSpace = "nowrap";
+
      if (isTwosMode() && i === bitCount - 1) {
-        // Keep on one line (CSS: white-space:nowrap)
        label.textContent = `-${pow2Big(bitCount - 1).toString()}`;
      } else {
        label.textContent = pow2Big(i).toString();
@@ -272,25 +183,14 @@
    for (let i = 0; i < bitCount; i++) {
      const bulb = document.getElementById(`bulb-${i}`);
      if (!bulb) continue;
-
-      const on = bits[i] === true;
-      if (on) {
-        bulb.style.opacity = "1";
-        bulb.style.filter = "grayscale(0)";
-        bulb.style.textShadow = "0 0 18px rgba(255,216,107,.75), 0 0 30px rgba(255,216,107,.45)";
-      } else {
-        bulb.style.opacity = "0.45";
-        bulb.style.filter = "grayscale(1)";
-        bulb.style.textShadow = "none";
-      }
+      bulb.classList.toggle("on", bits[i] === true);
    }
  }

  function updateReadout() {
    if (!denaryEl || !binaryEl) return;
-
    denaryEl.textContent = (isTwosMode() ? bitsToSignedBigIntTwos() : bitsToUnsignedBigInt()).toString();
-    binaryEl.textContent = formatBinaryWrapped();
+    binaryEl.textContent = formatBinaryGrouped();
  }

  function updateUI() {
@@ -302,18 +202,16 @@
  }

  /* -----------------------------
-     SET FROM INPUT
+     INPUT SETTERS
  ----------------------------- */
  function setFromBinaryString(binStr) {
    const clean = String(binStr ?? "").replace(/\s+/g, "");
    if (!/^[01]+$/.test(clean)) return false;
-
    const padded = clean.slice(-bitCount).padStart(bitCount, "0");
    for (let i = 0; i < bitCount; i++) {
      const charFromRight = padded[padded.length - 1 - i];
      bits[i] = charFromRight === "1";
    }
-
    updateUI();
    return true;
  }
@@ -355,15 +253,13 @@
  }

  function shiftRight() {
-    if (isTwosMode()) {
-      // arithmetic right shift: keep MSB
-      const msb = bits[bitCount - 1];
-      for (let i = 0; i < bitCount - 1; i++) bits[i] = bits[i + 1];
-      bits[bitCount - 1] = msb;
-    } else {
-      for (let i = 0; i < bitCount - 1; i++) bits[i] = bits[i + 1];
-      bits[bitCount - 1] = false;
-    }
+    // Unsigned: logical right shift (MSB becomes 0)
+    // Two's complement: arithmetic right shift (MSB preserved)
+    const msb = bits[bitCount - 1];
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < bitCount - 1; i++) bits[i] = bits[i + 1];
+
+    bits[bitCount - 1] = isTwosMode() ? msb : false;
    updateUI();
  }

@@ -384,7 +280,8 @@
      signedBigIntToBitsTwos(v);
    } else {
      const span = unsignedMaxExclusive(bitCount);
-      unsignedBigIntToBits((bitsToUnsignedBigInt() + 1n) % span);
+      const v = (bitsToUnsignedBigInt() + 1n) % span;
+      unsignedBigIntToBits(v);
    }
    updateUI();
  }
@@ -398,16 +295,18 @@
      signedBigIntToBitsTwos(v);
    } else {
      const span = unsignedMaxExclusive(bitCount);
-      unsignedBigIntToBits((bitsToUnsignedBigInt() - 1n + span) % span);
+      const v = (bitsToUnsignedBigInt() - 1n + span) % span;
+      unsignedBigIntToBits(v);
    }
    updateUI();
  }

  /* -----------------------------
-     RANDOM
+     RANDOM (with running pulse + longer run)
  ----------------------------- */
  function cryptoRandomBigInt(maxExclusive) {
    if (maxExclusive <= 0n) return 0n;
+
    const bitLen = maxExclusive.toString(2).length;
    const byteLen = Math.ceil(bitLen / 8);

@@ -420,12 +319,13 @@

      const extraBits = BigInt(byteLen * 8 - bitLen);
      if (extraBits > 0n) x = x >> extraBits;
+
      if (x < maxExclusive) return x;
    }
  }

  function setRandomOnce() {
-    const span = unsignedMaxExclusive(bitCount);
+    const span = unsignedMaxExclusive(bitCount); // 2^n
    const u = cryptoRandomBigInt(span);
    unsignedBigIntToBits(u);
    updateUI();
@@ -437,8 +337,11 @@
      randomTimer = null;
    }

+    // pulse while running
+    btnRandom?.classList.add("is-running");
+
    const start = Date.now();
-    const durationMs = 1125; // (your “~25% longer” vs 900ms)
+    const durationMs = 1125; // 25% longer than 900ms
    const tickMs = 80;

    randomTimer = setInterval(() => {
@@ -446,30 +349,31 @@
      if (Date.now() - start >= durationMs) {
        clearInterval(randomTimer);
        randomTimer = null;
+        btnRandom?.classList.remove("is-running");
      }
    }, tickMs);
  }

  /* -----------------------------
-     BIT WIDTH CONTROLS
+     BIT WIDTH
  ----------------------------- */
  function setBitWidth(n) {
    buildBits(clampInt(n, 1, 64));
  }

  /* -----------------------------
-     TOOLBOX TOGGLE (simple open/close state)
+     TOOLBOX VISIBILITY
  ----------------------------- */
-  function setToolboxOpen(open) {
-    document.body.classList.toggle("toolboxClosed", !open);
-    toolboxToggle?.setAttribute("aria-expanded", open ? "true" : "false");
-    refreshBinaryWrap(); // width changes when toolbox closes/opens
+  function setToolboxVisible(isVisible) {
+    if (!toolboxPanel) return;
+    toolboxPanel.style.display = isVisible ? "flex" : "none";
+    toolboxToggle?.setAttribute("aria-expanded", String(isVisible));
  }

  /* -----------------------------
     EVENTS
  ----------------------------- */
-  modeToggle?.addEventListener("change", () => updateUI());
+  modeToggle?.addEventListener("change", updateUI);

  btnCustomBinary?.addEventListener("click", () => {
    const v = prompt(`Enter binary (spaces allowed). Current width: ${bitCount} bits`);
@@ -480,8 +384,8 @@
  btnCustomDenary?.addEventListener("click", () => {
    const v = prompt(
      isTwosMode()
-        ? `Enter denary (${twosMin(bitCount).toString()} to ${twosMax(bitCount).toString()}):`
-        : `Enter denary (0 to ${unsignedMaxValue(bitCount).toString()}):`
+        ? `Enter denary (${twosMin(bitCount)} to ${twosMax(bitCount)}):`
+        : `Enter denary (0 to ${unsignedMaxValue(bitCount)}):`
    );
    if (v === null) return;
    if (!setFromDenaryInput(v)) alert("Invalid denary for current mode/bit width");
@@ -502,15 +406,8 @@
  bitsInput?.addEventListener("change", () => setBitWidth(Number(bitsInput.value)));

  toolboxToggle?.addEventListener("click", () => {
-    const isOpen = !document.body.classList.contains("toolboxClosed");
-    setToolboxOpen(!isOpen);
-  });
-
-  // Recompute wrapping live when the window size changes
-  let resizeT = null;
-  window.addEventListener("resize", () => {
-    if (resizeT) clearTimeout(resizeT);
-    resizeT = setTimeout(() => refreshBinaryWrap(), 60);
+    const isOpen = toolboxToggle.getAttribute("aria-expanded") !== "false";
+    setToolboxVisible(!isOpen);
  });

  /* -----------------------------
@@ -518,5 +415,5 @@
  ----------------------------- */
  updateModeHint();
  buildBits(bitCount);
-  setToolboxOpen(true);
+  setToolboxVisible(true);
 })();
--- a/src/src/assets/astro.svg
+++ b/src/src/assets/astro.svg
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" width="115" height="48"><path fill="#17191E" d="M7.77 36.35C6.4 35.11 6 32.51 6.57 30.62c.99 1.2 2.35 1.57 3.75 1.78 2.18.33 4.31.2 6.33-.78.23-.12.44-.27.7-.42.18.55.23 1.1.17 1.67a4.56 4.56 0 0 1-1.94 3.23c-.43.32-.9.61-1.34.91-1.38.94-1.76 2.03-1.24 3.62l.05.17a3.63 3.63 0 0 1-1.6-1.38 3.87 3.87 0 0 1-.63-2.1c0-.37 0-.74-.05-1.1-.13-.9-.55-1.3-1.33-1.32a1.56 1.56 0 0 0-1.63 1.26c0 .06-.03.12-.05.2Z"/><path fill="url(#a)" d="M7.77 36.35C6.4 35.11 6 32.51 6.57 30.62c.99 1.2 2.35 1.57 3.75 1.78 2.18.33 4.31.2 6.33-.78.23-.12.44-.27.7-.42.18.55.23 1.1.17 1.67a4.56 4.56 0 0 1-1.94 3.23c-.43.32-.9.61-1.34.91-1.38.94-1.76 2.03-1.24 3.62l.05.17a3.63 3.63 0 0 1-1.6-1.38 3.87 3.87 0 0 1-.63-2.1c0-.37 0-.74-.05-1.1-.13-.9-.55-1.3-1.33-1.32a1.56 1.56 0 0 0-1.63 1.26c0 .06-.03.12-.05.2Z"/><path fill="#17191E" d="M.02 30.31s4.02-1.95 8.05-1.95l3.04-9.4c.11-.45.44-.76.82-.76.37 0 .7.31.82.76l3.04 9.4c4.77 0 8.05 1.95 8.05 1.95L17 11.71c-.2-.56-.53-.91-.98-.91H7.83c-.44 0-.76.35-.97.9L.02 30.31Zm42.37-5.97c0 1.64-2.05 2.62-4.88 2.62-1.85 0-2.5-.45-2.5-1.41 0-1 .8-1.49 2.65-1.49 1.67 0 3.09.03 4.73.23v.05Zm.03-2.04a21.37 21.37 0 0 0-4.37-.36c-5.32 0-7.82 1.25-7.82 4.18 0 3.04 1.71 4.2 5.68 4.2 3.35 0 5.63-.84 6.46-2.92h.14c-.03.5-.05 1-.05 1.4 0 1.07.18 1.16 1.06 1.16h4.15a16.9 16.9 0 0 1-.36-4c0-1.67.06-2.93.06-4.62 0-3.45-2.07-5.64-8.56-5.64-2.8 0-5.9.48-8.26 1.19.22.93.54 2.83.7 4.06 2.04-.96 4.95-1.37 7.2-1.37 3.11 0 3.97.71 3.97 2.15v.57Zm11.37 3c-.56.07-1.33.07-2.12.07-.83 0-1.6-.03-2.12-.1l-.02.58c0 2.85 1.87 4.52 8.45 4.52 6.2 0 8.2-1.64 8.2-4.55 0-2.74-1.33-4.09-7.2-4.39-4.58-.2-4.99-.7-4.99-1.28 0-.66.59-1 3.65-1 3.18 0 4.03.43 4.03 1.35v.2a46.13 46.13 0 0 1 4.24.03l.02-.55c0-3.36-2.8-4.46-8.2-4.46-6.08 0-8.13 1.49-8.13 4.39 0 2.6 1.64 4.23 7.48 4.48 4.3.14 4.77.62 4.77 1.28 0 .7-.7 1.03-3.71 1.03-3.47 0-4.35-.48-4.35-1.47v-.13Zm19.82-12.05a17.5 17.5 0 0 1-6.24 3.48c.03.84.03 2.4.03 3.24l1.5.02c-.02 1.63-.04 3.6-.04 4.9 0 3.04 1.6 5.32 6.58 5.32 2.1 0 3.5-.23 5.23-.6a43.77 43.77 0 0 1-.46-4.13c-1.03.34-2.34.53-3.78.53-2 0-2.82-.55-2.82-2.13 0-1.37 0-2.65.03-3.84 2.57.02 5.13.07 6.64.11-.02-1.18.03-2.9.1-4.04-2.2.04-4.65.07-6.68.07l.07-2.93h-.16Zm13.46 6.04a767.33 767.33 0 0 1 .07-3.18H82.6c.07 1.96.07 3.98.07 6.92 0 2.95-.03 4.99-.07 6.93h5.18c-.09-1.37-.11-3.68-.11-5.65 0-3.1 1.26-4 4.12-4 1.33 0 2.28.16 3.1.46.03-1.16.26-3.43.4-4.43-.86-.25-1.81-.41-2.96-.41-2.46-.03-4.26.98-5.1 3.38l-.17-.02Zm22.55 3.65c0 2.5-1.8 3.66-4.64 3.66-2.81 0-4.61-1.1-4.61-3.66s1.82-3.52 4.61-3.52c2.82 0 4.64 1.03 4.64 3.52Zm4.71-.11c0-4.96-3.87-7.18-9.35-7.18-5.5 0-9.23 2.22-9.23 7.18 0 4.94 3.49 7.59 9.21 7.59 5.77 0 9.37-2.65 9.37-7.6Z"/><defs><linearGradient id="a" x1="6.33" x2="19.43" y1="40.8" y2="34.6" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse"><stop stop-color="#D83333"/><stop offset="1" stop-color="#F041FF"/></linearGradient></defs></svg>
--- a/src/src/assets/background.svg
+++ b/src/src/assets/background.svg
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1440" height="1024" fill="none"><path fill="url(#a)" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M-217.58 475.75c91.82-72.02 225.52-29.38 341.2-44.74C240 415.56 372.33 315.14 466.77 384.9c102.9 76.02 44.74 246.76 90.31 366.31 29.83 78.24 90.48 136.14 129.48 210.23 57.92 109.99 169.67 208.23 155.9 331.77-13.52 121.26-103.42 264.33-224.23 281.37-141.96 20.03-232.72-220.96-374.06-196.99-151.7 25.73-172.68 330.24-325.85 315.72-128.6-12.2-110.9-230.73-128.15-358.76-12.16-90.14 65.87-176.25 44.1-264.57-26.42-107.2-167.12-163.46-176.72-273.45-10.15-116.29 33.01-248.75 124.87-320.79Z" clip-rule="evenodd" style="opacity:.154"/><path fill="url(#b)" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1103.43 115.43c146.42-19.45 275.33-155.84 413.5-103.59 188.09 71.13 409 212.64 407.06 413.88-1.94 201.25-259.28 278.6-414.96 405.96-130 106.35-240.24 294.39-405.6 265.3-163.7-28.8-161.93-274.12-284.34-386.66-134.95-124.06-436-101.46-445.82-284.6-9.68-180.38 247.41-246.3 413.54-316.9 101.01-42.93 207.83 21.06 316.62 6.61Z" clip-rule="evenodd" style="opacity:.154"/><defs><linearGradient id="b" x1="373" x2="1995.44" y1="1100" y2="118.03" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse"><stop stop-color="#D83333"/><stop offset="1" stop-color="#F041FF"/></linearGradient><linearGradient id="a" x1="107.37" x2="1130.66" y1="1993.35" y2="1026.31" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse"><stop stop-color="#3245FF"/><stop offset="1" stop-color="#BC52EE"/></linearGradient></defs></svg>
--- a/src/src/components/Footer.astro
+++ b/src/src/components/Footer.astro
--- a/src/src/components/Header.astro
+++ b/src/src/components/Header.astro
--- a/src/src/components/Welcome.astro
+++ b/src/src/components/Welcome.astro
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+---
+import astroLogo from '../assets/astro.svg';
+import background from '../assets/background.svg';
+---
+
+<div id="container">
+	<img id="background" src={background.src} alt="" fetchpriority="high" />
+	<main>
+		<section id="hero">
+			<a href="https://astro.build"
+				><img src={astroLogo.src} width="115" height="48" alt="Astro Homepage" /></a
+			>
+			<h1>
+				To get started, open the <code><pre>src/pages</pre></code> directory in your project.
+			</h1>
+			<section id="links">
+				<a class="button" href="https://docs.astro.build">Read our docs</a>
+				<a href="https://astro.build/chat"
+					>Join our Discord <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 127.14 96.36"
+						><path
+							fill="currentColor"
+							d="M107.7 8.07A105.15 105.15 0 0 0 81.47 0a72.06 72.06 0 0 0-3.36 6.83 97.68 97.68 0 0 0-29.11 0A72.37 72.37 0 0 0 45.64 0a105.89 105.89 0 0 0-26.25 8.09C2.79 32.65-1.71 56.6.54 80.21a105.73 105.73 0 0 0 32.17 16.15 77.7 77.7 0 0 0 6.89-11.11 68.42 68.42 0 0 1-10.85-5.18c.91-.66 1.8-1.34 2.66-2a75.57 75.57 0 0 0 64.32 0c.87.71 1.76 1.39 2.66 2a68.68 68.68 0 0 1-10.87 5.19 77 77 0 0 0 6.89 11.1 105.25 105.25 0 0 0 32.19-16.14c2.64-27.38-4.51-51.11-18.9-72.15ZM42.45 65.69C36.18 65.69 31 60 31 53s5-12.74 11.43-12.74S54 46 53.89 53s-5.05 12.69-11.44 12.69Zm42.24 0C78.41 65.69 73.25 60 73.25 53s5-12.74 11.44-12.74S96.23 46 96.12 53s-5.04 12.69-11.43 12.69Z"
+						></path></svg
+					>
+				</a>
+			</section>
+		</section>
+	</main>
+
+	<a href="https://astro.build/blog/astro-5/" id="news" class="box">
+		<svg width="32" height="32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+			><path
+				d="M24.667 12c1.333 1.414 2 3.192 2 5.334 0 4.62-4.934 5.7-7.334 12C18.444 28.567 18 27.456 18 26c0-4.642 6.667-7.053 6.667-14Zm-5.334-5.333c1.6 1.65 2.4 3.43 2.4 5.333 0 6.602-8.06 7.59-6.4 17.334C13.111 27.787 12 25.564 12 22.666c0-4.434 7.333-8 7.333-16Zm-6-5.333C15.111 3.555 16 5.556 16 7.333c0 8.333-11.333 10.962-5.333 22-3.488-.774-6-4-6-8 0-8.667 8.666-10 8.666-20Z"
+				fill="#111827"></path></svg
+		>
+		<h2>What's New in Astro 5.0?</h2>
+		<p>
+			From content layers to server islands, click to learn more about the new features and
+			improvements in Astro 5.0
+		</p>
+	</a>
+</div>
+
+<style>
+	#background {
+		position: fixed;
+		top: 0;
+		left: 0;
+		width: 100%;
+		height: 100%;
+		z-index: -1;
+		filter: blur(100px);
+	}
+
+	#container {
+		font-family: Inter, Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', 'Arial Nova', 'Nimbus Sans', Arial, sans-serif;
+		height: 100%;
+	}
+
+	main {
+		height: 100%;
+		display: flex;
+		justify-content: center;
+	}
+
+	#hero {
+		display: flex;
+		align-items: start;
+		flex-direction: column;
+		justify-content: center;
+		padding: 16px;
+	}
+
+	h1 {
+		font-size: 22px;
+		margin-top: 0.25em;
+	}
+
+	#links {
+		display: flex;
+		gap: 16px;
+	}
+
+	#links a {
+		display: flex;
+		align-items: center;
+		padding: 10px 12px;
+		color: #111827;
+		text-decoration: none;
+		transition: color 0.2s;
+	}
+
+	#links a:hover {
+		color: rgb(78, 80, 86);
+	}
+
+	#links a svg {
+		height: 1em;
+		margin-left: 8px;
+	}
+
+	#links a.button {
+		color: white;
+		background: linear-gradient(83.21deg, #3245ff 0%, #bc52ee 100%);
+		box-shadow:
+			inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12),
+			inset 0 -2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24);
+		border-radius: 10px;
+	}
+
+	#links a.button:hover {
+		color: rgb(230, 230, 230);
+		box-shadow: none;
+	}
+
+	pre {
+		font-family:
+			ui-monospace, 'Cascadia Code', 'Source Code Pro', Menlo, Consolas, 'DejaVu Sans Mono',
+			monospace;
+		font-weight: normal;
+		background: linear-gradient(14deg, #d83333 0%, #f041ff 100%);
+		-webkit-background-clip: text;
+		-webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
+		background-clip: text;
+		margin: 0;
+	}
+
+	h2 {
+		margin: 0 0 1em;
+		font-weight: normal;
+		color: #111827;
+		font-size: 20px;
+	}
+
+	p {
+		color: #4b5563;
+		font-size: 16px;
+		line-height: 24px;
+		letter-spacing: -0.006em;
+		margin: 0;
+	}
+
+	code {
+		display: inline-block;
+		background:
+			linear-gradient(66.77deg, #f3cddd 0%, #f5cee7 100%) padding-box,
+			linear-gradient(155deg, #d83333 0%, #f041ff 18%, #f5cee7 45%) border-box;
+		border-radius: 8px;
+		border: 1px solid transparent;
+		padding: 6px 8px;
+	}
+
+	.box {
+		padding: 16px;
+		background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1);
+		border-radius: 16px;
+		border: 1px solid white;
+	}
+
+	#news {
+		position: absolute;
+		bottom: 16px;
+		right: 16px;
+		max-width: 300px;
+		text-decoration: none;
+		transition: background 0.2s;
+		backdrop-filter: blur(50px);
+	}
+
+	#news:hover {
+		background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.55);
+	}
+
+	@media screen and (max-height: 368px) {
+		#news {
+			display: none;
+		}
+	}
+
+	@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
+		#container {
+			display: flex;
+			flex-direction: column;
+		}
+
+		#hero {
+			display: block;
+			padding-top: 10%;
+		}
+
+		#links {
+			flex-wrap: wrap;
+		}
+
+		#links a.button {
+			padding: 14px 18px;
+		}
+
+		#news {
+			right: 16px;
+			left: 16px;
+			bottom: 2.5rem;
+			max-width: 100%;
+		}
+
+		h1 {
+			line-height: 1.5;
+		}
+	}
+</style>
--- a/src/src/components/simulators/HexSimulator.astro
+++ b/src/src/components/simulators/HexSimulator.astro
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+---
+import "./hex/hex-simulator.css";
+---
+
+<section class="hex-sim" data-hex-sim>
+  <div class="hex-main">
+    <div class="hex-readout">
+      <div class="hex-label">DENARY</div>
+      <div class="hex-number" data-out="denary">0</div>
+
+      <div class="hex-label hex-mt">HEXADECIMAL</div>
+      <div class="hex-number hex-number--small" data-out="hex">00</div>
+
+      <div class="hex-label hex-mt">BINARY</div>
+      <div class="hex-number hex-number--tiny" data-out="bin">0000 0000</div>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="hex-divider"></div>
+
+    <div class="hex-digits" data-out="digitsRow"></div>
+  </div>
+
+  <!-- Toolbox button -->
+  <button class="hex-toolbox-btn" type="button" data-action="toggleToolbox" aria-controls="hex-toolbox" aria-expanded="true">
+    <span class="hex-toolbox-icon" aria-hidden="true">
+      <!-- toolbox icon -->
+      <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="18" height="18" fill="none">
+        <path d="M9 7V6a3 3 0 0 1 6 0v1" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
+        <path d="M4 9h16l-1.3 10.4A2 2 0 0 1 16.7 21H7.3a2 2 0 0 1-1.98-1.6L4 9Z" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
+        <path d="M10 13h4" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
+      </svg>
+    </span>
+    TOOLBOX
+  </button>
+
+  <!-- Toolbox panel -->
+  <aside class="hex-toolbox is-open" id="hex-toolbox" data-out="toolbox">
+    <div class="hex-panel">
+      <div class="hex-panel-title">SETTINGS</div>
+
+      <div class="hex-setting-title">HEX DIGIT WIDTH</div>
+
+      <div class="hex-width">
+        <button class="hex-btn hex-btn--square" type="button" data-action="digitsMinus">−</button>
+
+        <div class="hex-width-readout">
+          <div class="hex-width-label">DIGITS</div>
+          <div class="hex-width-number" data-out="digitsCount">2</div>
+        </div>
+
+        <button class="hex-btn hex-btn--square" type="button" data-action="digitsPlus">+</button>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="hex-hint" data-out="bitsHint">= 8 bits</div>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="hex-panel">
+      <div class="hex-panel-title">CUSTOM NUMBER</div>
+
+      <div class="hex-grid-2">
+        <button class="hex-btn hex-btn--green" type="button" data-action="customHex">Custom Hexadecimal</button>
+        <button class="hex-btn hex-btn--green" type="button" data-action="customDenary">Custom Denary</button>
+      </div>
+
+      <!-- Custom Binary + Random on SAME row, same size -->
+      <div class="hex-grid-2 hex-mt-sm">
+        <button class="hex-btn hex-btn--green" type="button" data-action="customBinary">Custom Binary</button>
+        <button class="hex-btn hex-btn--wide hex-btn--random" type="button" data-action="random" data-random>Random</button>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="hex-tiny-note">RANDOM RUNS BRIEFLY THEN STOPS AUTOMATICALLY.</div>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="hex-panel">
+      <div class="hex-panel-title">TOOLS</div>
+
+      <div class="hex-tools-top">
+        <button class="hex-btn hex-btn--square hex-btn--red" type="button" data-action="decrement" title="Decrement">▼</button>
+        <button class="hex-btn hex-btn--square hex-btn--green2" type="button" data-action="increment" title="Increment">▲</button>
+      </div>
+
+      <button class="hex-btn hex-btn--wide hex-btn--reset" type="button" data-action="reset">Reset</button>
+    </div>
+  </aside>
+
+  <!-- Custom number dialog -->
+  <dialog class="hex-dialog" data-out="dialog">
+    <div class="hex-dialog-card">
+      <div class="hex-dialog-title" data-out="dialogTitle">Custom</div>
+
+      <input class="hex-dialog-input hex-font-mono" data-out="dialogInput" />
+
+      <div class="hex-dialog-hint" data-out="dialogHint"></div>
+      <div class="hex-dialog-error" data-out="dialogError" aria-live="polite"></div>
+
+      <div class="hex-dialog-actions">
+        <button class="hex-btn" type="button" data-action="dialogCancel">Cancel</button>
+        <button class="hex-btn hex-btn--green" type="button" data-action="dialogApply">Apply</button>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </dialog>
+
+  <script type="module" src="/src/components/simulators/hex/hex-simulator.ts"></script>
+</section>
--- a/src/src/components/simulators/hex/hex-simulator.css
+++ b/src/src/components/simulators/hex/hex-simulator.css
@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
+/* ================= Fonts to match Binary ================= */
+/* Adjust paths to wherever you store fonts (commonly /public/fonts/...) */
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "DSEG7Classic";
+  src: url("/fonts/DSEG7Classic-Regular.woff") format("woff"),
+       url("/fonts/DSEG7Classic-Regular.ttf") format("truetype");
+  font-weight: 400;
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-display: swap;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "SevenSegment";
+  src: url("/fonts/Seven-Segment.woff2") format("woff2"),
+       url("/fonts/Seven-Segment.woff") format("woff");
+  font-weight: 400;
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-display: swap;
+}
+
+.hex-sim {
+  min-height: 100vh;
+  background: #14151c;
+  color: #e7e8ee;
+  padding: 28px;
+}
+
+.hex-font-number { font-family: "DSEG7Classic", ui-monospace, monospace; }
+.hex-font-mono   { font-family: "SevenSegment", ui-monospace, monospace; }
+
+.hex-main { max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; width: 100%; padding-top: 40px; }
+
+.hex-readout { text-align: center; }
+.hex-label {
+  font-family: "SevenSegment", ui-sans-serif, system-ui;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  letter-spacing: 2px;
+  opacity: 0.7;
+}
+.hex-mt { margin-top: 12px; }
+
+.hex-number {
+  font-family: "DSEG7Classic", ui-monospace, monospace;
+  font-size: 76px;
+  line-height: 1;
+  font-weight: 400;
+  color: #46ff8a;
+  text-shadow: 0 0 18px rgba(70,255,138,0.18);
+}
+.hex-number--small { font-size: 64px; }
+.hex-number--tiny  { font-size: 54px; letter-spacing: 6px; }
+
+.hex-divider {
+  margin: 26px auto 18px;
+  height: 1px;
+  width: min(760px, 90%);
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.10);
+}
+
+/* ================= Main digit columns ================= */
+.hex-digits {
+  margin-top: 18px;
+  display: flex;
+  justify-content: center;
+  gap: 18px;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+}
+
+.hex-digit-col {
+  width: 160px;
+  border-radius: 18px;
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.03);
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.10);
+  padding: 12px;
+  display: grid;
+  gap: 10px;
+  justify-items: center;
+}
+
+.hex-digit-controls {
+  width: 100%;
+  display: flex;
+  justify-content: center;
+  gap: 10px;
+}
+
+.hex-digit-char {
+  font-size: 64px;
+  line-height: 1;
+  color: #46ff8a;
+  text-shadow: 0 0 18px rgba(70,255,138,0.18);
+}
+
+.hex-digit-place {
+  font-family: "SevenSegment", ui-monospace, monospace;
+  opacity: 0.65;
+  font-size: 14px;
+  letter-spacing: 1px;
+}
+
+/* ================= Bulbs (brightness changes) ================= */
+.hex-bulbs {
+  width: 100%;
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
+  gap: 10px;
+  align-items: end;
+}
+
+.hex-bulb {
+  display: grid;
+  justify-items: center;
+  gap: 6px;
+  opacity: 0.35;
+  filter: grayscale(30%);
+  transition: opacity 160ms ease, filter 160ms ease;
+}
+
+.hex-bulb .hex-bulb-cap {
+  width: 18px;
+  height: 18px;
+  border-radius: 999px;
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.22);
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.14);
+}
+
+.hex-bulb .hex-bulb-glow {
+  width: 18px;
+  height: 10px;
+  border-radius: 999px;
+  background: rgba(70,255,138,0.0);
+  box-shadow: 0 0 0 rgba(70,255,138,0.0);
+  transition: background 160ms ease, box-shadow 160ms ease;
+}
+
+.hex-bulb .hex-bulb-label {
+  font-family: "SevenSegment", ui-monospace, monospace;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  opacity: 0.8;
+}
+
+.hex-bulb.is-on {
+  opacity: 1;
+  filter: none;
+}
+.hex-bulb.is-on .hex-bulb-cap {
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.35);
+}
+.hex-bulb.is-on .hex-bulb-glow {
+  background: rgba(70,255,138,0.25);
+  box-shadow: 0 0 18px rgba(70,255,138,0.35);
+}
+
+/* ================= Buttons (toolbox style reused everywhere) ================= */
+.hex-btn {
+  padding: 10px 12px;
+  border-radius: 14px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.14);
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.06);
+  color: #e7e8ee;
+  font-weight: 800;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, sans-serif;
+}
+.hex-btn:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.10); }
+
+.hex-btn--square {
+  width: 48px;
+  height: 48px;
+  padding: 0;
+  display: grid;
+  place-items: center;
+  font-size: 18px;
+}
+
+.hex-btn--wide { width: 100%; }
+
+.hex-btn--green {
+  background: rgba(46, 200, 120, 0.18);
+  border-color: rgba(46,200,120,0.35);
+}
+.hex-btn--green:hover { background: rgba(46, 200, 120, 0.26); }
+
+.hex-btn--green2 {
+  background: rgba(46, 200, 120, 0.18);
+  border-color: rgba(46,200,120,0.35);
+}
+
+.hex-btn--red {
+  background: rgba(220, 60, 70, 0.18);
+  border-color: rgba(220,60,70,0.35);
+}
+
+/* Random = green pulse while running */
+.hex-btn--random.is-running {
+  border-color: rgba(80, 255, 160, 0.55);
+  background: rgba(46, 200, 120, 0.22);
+  box-shadow: 0 0 18px rgba(80, 255, 160, 0.35);
+  animation: hexPulseGreen 900ms ease-in-out infinite;
+}
+@keyframes hexPulseGreen {
+  0%, 100% { box-shadow: 0 0 14px rgba(80, 255, 160, 0.25); }
+  50% { box-shadow: 0 0 26px rgba(80, 255, 160, 0.45); }
+}
+
+/* Reset = red background + pulse on hover */
+.hex-btn--reset:hover {
+  background: rgba(220, 60, 70, 0.28);
+  border-color: rgba(255, 80, 90, 0.55);
+  animation: hexPulseRed 900ms ease-in-out infinite;
+}
+@keyframes hexPulseRed {
+  0%, 100% { box-shadow: 0 0 12px rgba(255, 80, 90, 0.20); }
+  50% { box-shadow: 0 0 22px rgba(255, 80, 90, 0.38); }
+}
+
+/* ================= Toolbox button + panel (slide) ================= */
+.hex-toolbox-btn {
+  position: fixed;
+  top: 88px;
+  right: 28px;
+  z-index: 30;
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 10px;
+  padding: 12px 16px;
+  border-radius: 14px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.14);
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.06);
+  color: #e7e8ee;
+  font-weight: 800;
+  letter-spacing: 1px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.hex-toolbox-icon {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  width: 18px;
+  height: 18px;
+  color: #ff4fa6;
+  filter: drop-shadow(0 0 10px rgba(255,79,166,0.35));
+}
+
+.hex-toolbox {
+  position: fixed;
+  top: 140px;
+  right: 28px;
+  width: 340px;
+  display: grid;
+  gap: 14px;
+  z-index: 25;
+
+  transform: translateX(0);
+  opacity: 1;
+  transition: transform 220ms ease, opacity 220ms ease;
+}
+.hex-toolbox:not(.is-open) {
+  transform: translateX(380px);
+  opacity: 0;
+  pointer-events: none;
+}
+
+.hex-panel {
+  border-radius: 16px;
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.04);
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.10);
+  padding: 14px;
+}
+.hex-panel-title {
+  font-family: "SevenSegment", ui-sans-serif, system-ui;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  letter-spacing: 2px;
+  opacity: 0.7;
+  margin-bottom: 10px;
+}
+
+.hex-setting-title { font-weight: 900; opacity: 0.9; margin-bottom: 10px; }
+
+.hex-width {
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: 48px 1fr 48px;
+  gap: 10px;
+  align-items: center;
+}
+.hex-width-readout {
+  border-radius: 14px;
+  background: rgba(0,0,0,0.22);
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.10);
+  padding: 10px 12px;
+  display: flex;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  align-items: baseline;
+}
+.hex-width-label {
+  font-family: "SevenSegment", ui-sans-serif, system-ui;
+  opacity: 0.7;
+  font-weight: 800;
+  letter-spacing: 1px;
+  font-size: 12px;
+}
+.hex-width-number { font-size: 30px; font-weight: 900; color: #46ff8a; }
+
+.hex-hint { margin-top: 8px; opacity: 0.65; font-size: 12px; font-family: "SevenSegment", ui-sans-serif, system-ui; }
+
+.hex-grid-2 { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 10px; }
+.hex-mt-sm { margin-top: 10px; }
+
+.hex-tools-top { display: flex; gap: 10px; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 10px; }
+.hex-tiny-note { margin-top: 8px; font-size: 11px; opacity: 0.6; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: "SevenSegment", ui-sans-serif, system-ui; }
+
+/* ================= Dialog ================= */
+.hex-dialog { border: none; padding: 0; background: transparent; }
+.hex-dialog::backdrop { background: rgba(0,0,0,0.55); }
+
+.hex-dialog-card {
+  width: min(560px, 92vw);
+  border-radius: 18px;
+  background: #1a1b24;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.12);
+  padding: 16px;
+  color: #e7e8ee;
+}
+
+.hex-dialog-title { font-weight: 900; letter-spacing: 1px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: "SevenSegment", ui-sans-serif, system-ui; }
+
+.hex-dialog-input {
+  width: 100%;
+  padding: 12px 12px;
+  border-radius: 14px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.14);
+  background: rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
+  color: #e7e8ee;
+  font-size: 18px;
+}
+
+.hex-dialog-hint { margin-top: 10px; opacity: 0.7; font-size: 13px; font-family: "SevenSegment", ui-sans-serif, system-ui; }
+.hex-dialog-error { margin-top: 8px; font-size: 13px; color: #ff6b6b; min-height: 18px; font-family: "SevenSegment", ui-sans-serif, system-ui; }
+.hex-dialog-actions { margin-top: 14px; display: flex; gap: 10px; justify-content: flex-end; }
+
+@media (max-width: 900px) {
+  .hex-toolbox { width: min(360px, 92vw); right: 16px; }
+  .hex-toolbox-btn { right: 16px; }
+  .hex-number { font-size: 60px; }
+  .hex-number--tiny { font-size: 40px; letter-spacing: 4px; }
+}
--- a/src/src/components/simulators/hex/hex-simulator.ts
+++ b/src/src/components/simulators/hex/hex-simulator.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+type DialogMode = "hex" | "den" | "bin";
+
+const root = document.querySelector<HTMLElement>("[data-hex-sim]");
+if (!root) throw new Error("Hex simulator root not found");
+
+const outDen = root.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-out="denary"]')!;
+const outHex = root.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-out="hex"]')!;
+const outBin = root.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-out="bin"]')!;
+const outDigitsRow = root.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-out="digitsRow"]')!;
+
+const toolbox = root.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-out="toolbox"]')!;
+const toolboxBtn = root.querySelector<HTMLButtonElement>('[data-action="toggleToolbox"]')!;
+const digitsCount = root.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-out="digitsCount"]')!;
+const bitsHint = root.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-out="bitsHint"]')!;
+const randomBtn = root.querySelector<HTMLButtonElement>("[data-random]")!;
+
+const dialog = root.querySelector<HTMLDialogElement>('[data-out="dialog"]')!;
+const dialogTitle = root.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-out="dialogTitle"]')!;
+const dialogInput = root.querySelector<HTMLInputElement>('[data-out="dialogInput"]')!;
+const dialogHint = root.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-out="dialogHint"]')!;
+const dialogError = root.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-out="dialogError"]')!;
+
+let digits = 2;        // 1..8
+let value = 0;         // unsigned denary
+let randomTimer: number | null = null;
+let dialogMode: DialogMode | null = null;
+
+const clamp = (n: number, min: number, max: number) => Math.min(max, Math.max(min, n));
+const maxForDigits = (d: number) => (16 ** d) - 1;
+
+const padHex = (n: number, d: number) => n.toString(16).toUpperCase().padStart(d, "0");
+const padBin = (n: number, b: number) => n.toString(2).padStart(b, "0");
+const groupBin = (b: string) => b.replace(/(.{4})/g, "$1 ").trim();
+
+function stopRandom(): void {
+  if (randomTimer !== null) window.clearInterval(randomTimer);
+  randomTimer = null;
+  randomBtn.classList.remove("is-running");
+}
+
+function startRandom(): void {
+  stopRandom();
+  const max = maxForDigits(digits);
+  const start = Date.now();
+
+  randomBtn.classList.add("is-running");
+
+  randomTimer = window.setInterval(() => {
+    value = Math.floor(Math.random() * (max + 1));
+    render();
+    if (Date.now() - start > 1600) stopRandom();
+  }, 90);
+}
+
+function render(): void {
+  const bits = digits * 4;
+
+  digitsCount.textContent = String(digits);
+  bitsHint.textContent = `= ${bits} bits`;
+
+  outDen.textContent = String(value);
+  outHex.textContent = padHex(value, digits);
+  outBin.textContent = groupBin(padBin(value, bits));
+
+  renderDigitsRow();
+}
+
+function renderDigitsRow(): void {
+  const hex = padHex(value, digits);
+  outDigitsRow.innerHTML = "";
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < digits; i++) {
+    const pow = digits - 1 - i;
+    const placeValue = 16 ** pow;
+
+    const digitChar = hex[i];
+    const digitVal = parseInt(digitChar, 16);
+    const nibbleBits = [(digitVal >> 3) & 1, (digitVal >> 2) & 1, (digitVal >> 1) & 1, digitVal & 1]; // 8 4 2 1
+
+    const col = document.createElement("div");
+    col.className = "hex-digit-col";
+    col.innerHTML = `
+      <div class="hex-digit-controls">
+        <button class="hex-btn hex-btn--square hex-btn--green2" type="button" data-action="digitUp" data-i="${i}" title="Increase">▲</button>
+        <button class="hex-btn hex-btn--square hex-btn--red" type="button" data-action="digitDown" data-i="${i}" title="Decrease">▼</button>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="hex-digit-char hex-font-number">${digitChar}</div>
+
+      <!-- bulbs: brightness changes based on nibble bits -->
+      <div class="hex-bulbs" aria-label="Nibble bits">
+        ${[8,4,2,1].map((w, idx) => {
+          const on = nibbleBits[idx] === 1;
+          return `
+            <div class="hex-bulb ${on ? "is-on" : ""}">
+              <div class="hex-bulb-cap"></div>
+              <div class="hex-bulb-glow"></div>
+              <div class="hex-bulb-label">${w}</div>
+            </div>
+          `;
+        }).join("")}
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="hex-digit-place">${placeValue}</div>
+    `;
+    outDigitsRow.appendChild(col);
+  }
+}
+
+function openDialog(mode: DialogMode): void {
+  stopRandom();
+  dialogMode = mode;
+
+  dialogError.textContent = "";
+  dialogInput.value = "";
+
+  if (mode === "hex") {
+    dialogTitle.textContent = "Custom Hexadecimal";
+    dialogHint.textContent = `Enter 1–${digits} hex digit(s) (0–9, A–F).`;
+    dialogInput.placeholder = "A1";
+    dialogInput.inputMode = "text";
+  } else if (mode === "den") {
+    dialogTitle.textContent = "Custom Denary";
+    dialogHint.textContent = `Enter a whole number from 0 to ${maxForDigits(digits)}.`;
+    dialogInput.placeholder = "42";
+    dialogInput.inputMode = "numeric";
+  } else {
+    dialogTitle.textContent = "Custom Binary";
+    dialogHint.textContent = `Enter up to ${digits * 4} bit(s) using 0 and 1.`;
+    dialogInput.placeholder = "00101010";
+    dialogInput.inputMode = "text";
+  }
+
+  dialog.showModal();
+  window.setTimeout(() => dialogInput.focus(), 0);
+}
+
+function closeDialog(): void {
+  dialogMode = null;
+  dialogError.textContent = "";
+  if (dialog.open) dialog.close();
+}
+
+function applyDialog(): void {
+  const raw = (dialogInput.value || "").trim();
+  if (!dialogMode) return closeDialog();
+  if (raw.length === 0) return closeDialog();
+
+  const max = maxForDigits(digits);
+  const bits = digits * 4;
+
+  if (dialogMode === "hex") {
+    const v = raw.toUpperCase();
+    if (!/^[0-9A-F]+$/.test(v)) { dialogError.textContent = "Hex must use 0–9 and A–F only."; return; }
+    if (v.length > digits) { dialogError.textContent = `Max length is ${digits} hex digit(s).`; return; }
+    value = clamp(parseInt(v, 16), 0, max);
+    render();
+    return closeDialog();
+  }
+
+  if (dialogMode === "den") {
+    if (!/^\d+$/.test(raw)) { dialogError.textContent = "Denary must be whole numbers only."; return; }
+    const n = Number(raw);
+    if (!Number.isFinite(n)) { dialogError.textContent = "Invalid number."; return; }
+    value = clamp(n, 0, max);
+    render();
+    return closeDialog();
+  }
+
+  // bin
+  if (!/^[01]+$/.test(raw)) { dialogError.textContent = "Binary must use 0 and 1 only."; return; }
+  if (raw.length > bits) { dialogError.textContent = `Max length is ${bits} bit(s).`; return; }
+  value = clamp(parseInt(raw, 2), 0, max);
+  render();
+  return closeDialog();
+}
+
+function applyDigitDelta(i: number, delta: number): void {
+  stopRandom();
+  const hexArr = padHex(value, digits).split("");
+  let v = parseInt(hexArr[i], 16);
+  v = (v + delta) % 16;
+  if (v < 0) v += 16;
+  hexArr[i] = v.toString(16).toUpperCase();
+  value = clamp(parseInt(hexArr.join(""), 16), 0, maxForDigits(digits));
+  render();
+}
+
+// dialog cancel / backdrop
+dialog.addEventListener("cancel", (e) => { e.preventDefault(); closeDialog(); });
+dialog.addEventListener("click", (e) => {
+  const card = dialog.querySelector(".hex-dialog-card");
+  if (card && !card.contains(e.target as Node)) closeDialog();
+});
+dialogInput.addEventListener("keydown", (e) => {
+  if (e.key === "Enter") applyDialog();
+  if (e.key === "Escape") closeDialog();
+});
+
+// main click handler
+root.addEventListener("click", (e) => {
+  const btn = (e.target as HTMLElement).closest<HTMLElement>("[data-action]");
+  if (!btn) return;
+  const action = btn.getAttribute("data-action")!;
+
+  if (action === "toggleToolbox") {
+    toolbox.classList.toggle("is-open");
+    toolboxBtn.setAttribute("aria-expanded", toolbox.classList.contains("is-open") ? "true" : "false");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (action === "digitsMinus") { digits = clamp(digits - 1, 1, 8); value = clamp(value, 0, maxForDigits(digits)); return render(); }
+  if (action === "digitsPlus")  { digits = clamp(digits + 1, 1, 8); value = clamp(value, 0, maxForDigits(digits)); return render(); }
+
+  if (action === "increment") { stopRandom(); value = clamp(value + 1, 0, maxForDigits(digits)); return render(); }
+  if (action === "decrement") { stopRandom(); value = clamp(value - 1, 0, maxForDigits(digits)); return render(); }
+
+  if (action === "reset")     { stopRandom(); value = 0; return render(); }
+  if (action === "random")    { return startRandom(); }
+
+  if (action === "customHex")    return openDialog("hex");
+  if (action === "customDenary") return openDialog("den");
+  if (action === "customBinary") return openDialog("bin");
+
+  if (action === "dialogCancel") return closeDialog();
+  if (action === "dialogApply")  return applyDialog();
+
+  if (action === "digitUp")   return applyDigitDelta(Number(btn.getAttribute("data-i")), +1);
+  if (action === "digitDown") return applyDigitDelta(Number(btn.getAttribute("data-i")), -1);
+});
+
+render();
--- a/src/src/layouts/BaseLayout.astro
+++ b/src/src/layouts/BaseLayout.astro
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+---
+const { title = "Computing:Box" } = Astro.props;
+---
+
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="en">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8" />
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" />
+    <title>{title}</title>
+
+    <style>
+      :root{
+        --nav-h: 108px; /* 3x-ish height */
+        --bg: #1f2027;
+        --text: #e8e8ee;
+        --muted: #a9acb8;
+        --line: rgba(255,255,255,.10);
+      }
+
+      body{
+        margin:0;
+        background:var(--bg);
+        color:var(--text);
+      }
+
+      .siteNav{
+        position: sticky;
+        top: 0;
+        z-index: 50;
+        height: var(--nav-h);
+        background: rgba(0,0,0,.10);
+        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
+        backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
+      }
+
+      .navInner{
+        height: 100%;
+        max-width: 1400px;
+        margin: 0 auto;
+        padding: 0 20px;
+        display: flex;
+        align-items: center;
+        justify-content: space-between;
+        gap: 24px;
+      }
+
+      .brand{
+        display:flex;
+        align-items:center;
+        gap:12px;
+        text-decoration:none;
+        color:var(--text);
+      }
+
+      .brandLogo{
+        width: 2em;
+        height: 2em;
+        image-rendering: pixelated;
+      }
+
+      .brandName{
+        letter-spacing: .12em;
+        font-weight: 900;
+        text-transform: uppercase;
+        font-size: 18px;
+      }
+
+      .navLinks{
+        display:flex;
+        align-items:center;
+        gap:18px;
+        flex-wrap:wrap;
+      }
+
+      .navLinks a{
+        color: var(--muted);
+        text-decoration: none;
+        font-weight: 800;
+        letter-spacing: .12em;
+        font-size: 16px;
+        text-transform: uppercase;
+      }
+
+      .navLinks a:hover{
+        color: var(--text);
+      }
+
+      .pageWrap{
+        max-width: 1400px;
+        margin: 0 auto;
+      }
+    </style>
+  </head>
+
+  <body>
+    <header class="siteNav">
+      <div class="navInner">
+        <a class="brand" href="/">
+          <img class="brandLogo" src="/images/computing-box-logo.svg" alt="Computing:Box logo" />
+          <span class="brandName">COMPUTING:BOX</span>
+        </a>
+
+        <nav class="navLinks" aria-label="Site navigation">
+          <a href="/about">ABOUT</a>
+          <a href="/binary">BINARY</a>
+          <a href="/hexadecimal">HEXADECIMAL</a>
+          <a href="/hex-colours">HEX COLOURS</a>
+          <a href="/logic-gates">LOGIC GATES</a>
+        </nav>
+      </div>
+    </header>
+
+    <main class="pageWrap">
+      <slot />
+    </main>
+  </body>
+</html>
--- a/src/src/layouts/Layout.astro
+++ b/src/src/layouts/Layout.astro
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="en">
+	<head>
+		<meta charset="UTF-8" />
+		<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
+		<link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="/favicon.svg" />
+		<meta name="generator" content={Astro.generator} />
+		<title>Astro Basics</title>
+	</head>
+	<body>
+		<slot />
+	</body>
+</html>
+
+<style>
+	html,
+	body {
+		margin: 0;
+		width: 100%;
+		height: 100%;
+	}
+</style>
--- a/src/src/pages/binary.astro
+++ b/src/src/pages/binary.astro
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+---
+import BaseLayout from "../layouts/BaseLayout.astro";
+import "../styles/binary.css";
+---
+
+<BaseLayout title="Binary Simulator">
+  <main class="wrap">
+    <!-- Toolbox toggle sits below navbar (navbar is in BaseLayout) -->
+    <button id="toolboxToggle" class="toolboxToggle" type="button" aria-expanded="true">
+      <span class="toolboxIcon" aria-hidden="true">🧰</span>
+      <span class="toolboxText">TOOLBOX</span>
+    </button>
+
+    <section class="topGrid">
+      <!-- LEFT -->
+      <div class="mainCol">
+        <div class="readout">
+          <div class="label">Denary</div>
+          <div id="denaryNumber" class="num denaryValue">0</div>
+
+          <div class="label">Binary</div>
+          <!-- NOTE: JS writes exact bit-width here, so initial value doesn't matter much -->
+          <div id="binaryNumber" class="num binaryValue">00000000</div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="divider"></div>
+
+        <section class="bitsWrap" aria-label="Bit switches">
+          <div class="bitsGrid" id="bitsGrid"></div>
+        </section>
+      </div>
+
+      <!-- RIGHT (Toolbox panel) -->
+      <aside id="toolboxPanel" class="panelCol" aria-label="Toolbox">
+        <!-- Settings -->
+        <div class="card">
+          <div class="cardTitle">Settings</div>
+
+          <div class="toggleRow">
+            <div class="toggleLabel" id="lblUnsigned">Unsigned</div>
+
+            <label class="switch" aria-label="Toggle mode">
+              <input id="modeToggle" type="checkbox" />
+              <span class="slider"></span>
+            </label>
+
+            <!-- keep this on ONE line -->
+            <div class="toggleLabel" id="lblTwos">Two&apos;s&nbsp;complement</div>
+          </div>
+
+          <div class="hint" id="modeHint">
+            Tip: In unsigned binary, all bits represent positive values.
+          </div>
+
+          <div class="subCard">
+            <div class="subTitle">Bit width</div>
+
+            <div class="bitWidthRow">
+              <button class="miniBtn" id="btnBitsDown" type="button" aria-label="Decrease bits">−</button>
+
+              <div class="bitInputWrap">
+                <div class="bitInputLabel">Bits</div>
+                <input
+                  id="bitsInput"
+                  class="bitInput"
+                  type="number"
+                  inputmode="numeric"
+                  min="1"
+                  max="64"
+                  step="1"
+                  value="8"
+                  aria-label="Number of bits"
+                />
+              </div>
+
+              <button class="miniBtn" id="btnBitsUp" type="button" aria-label="Increase bits">+</button>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <!-- Custom Number -->
+        <div class="card">
+          <div class="cardTitle">Custom Number</div>
+
+          <div class="controlsRow">
+            <button class="btn btnAccent btnHalf" id="btnCustomBinary" type="button">Custom Binary</button>
+            <button class="btn btnAccent btnHalf" id="btnCustomDenary" type="button">Custom Denary</button>
+          </div>
+
+          <button class="btn btnWide" id="btnRandom" type="button">Random</button>
+          <div class="hint">Random runs briefly then stops automatically.</div>
+        </div>
+
+        <!-- Tools -->
+        <div class="card">
+          <div class="cardTitle">Tools</div>
+
+          <div class="toolRowCentered">
+            <button class="toolBtn toolSpin toolDec" id="btnDec" type="button" aria-label="Decrement">▼</button>
+            <button class="toolBtn toolSpin toolInc" id="btnInc" type="button" aria-label="Increment">▲</button>
+          </div>
+
+          <div class="toolRow2">
+            <button class="btn btnHalf" id="btnShiftLeft" type="button">Left Shift</button>
+            <button class="btn btnHalf" id="btnShiftRight" type="button">Right Shift</button>
+          </div>
+
+          <button class="btn btnReset btnWide" id="btnClear" type="button">Reset</button>
+        </div>
+      </aside>
+    </section>
+  </main>
+
+  <script type="module" src="/src/scripts/binary.js"></script>
+</BaseLayout>
--- a/src/src/pages/hexadecimal.astro
+++ b/src/src/pages/hexadecimal.astro
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+import BaseLayout from "../layouts/BaseLayout.astro";
+import HexSimulator from "../components/simulators/HexSimulator.astro";
+---
+
+<BaseLayout title="Hexadecimal | Computing:Box">
+  <HexSimulator />
+</BaseLayout>
--- a/src/src/pages/index.astro
+++ b/src/src/pages/index.astro
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+import Welcome from '../components/Welcome.astro';
+import Layout from '../layouts/Layout.astro';
+
+// Welcome to Astro! Wondering what to do next? Check out the Astro documentation at https://docs.astro.build
+// Don't want to use any of this? Delete everything in this file, the `assets`, `components`, and `layouts` directories, and start fresh.
+---
+
+<Layout>
+	<Welcome />
+</Layout>
--- a/src/src/scripts/binary.js
+++ b/src/src/scripts/binary.js
@@ -0,0 +1,522 @@
+// src/scripts/binary.js
+// Computing:Box — Binary page logic (Unsigned + Two's Complement)
+
+(() => {
+  /* -----------------------------
+     DOM
+  ----------------------------- */
+  const bitsGrid = document.getElementById("bitsGrid");
+  const denaryEl = document.getElementById("denaryNumber");
+  const binaryEl = document.getElementById("binaryNumber");
+  const bitsInput = document.getElementById("bitsInput");
+
+  const modeToggle = document.getElementById("modeToggle");
+  const modeHint = document.getElementById("modeHint");
+
+  const btnCustomBinary = document.getElementById("btnCustomBinary");
+  const btnCustomDenary = document.getElementById("btnCustomDenary");
+  const btnShiftLeft = document.getElementById("btnShiftLeft");
+  const btnShiftRight = document.getElementById("btnShiftRight");
+
+  const btnDec = document.getElementById("btnDec");
+  const btnInc = document.getElementById("btnInc");
+  const btnClear = document.getElementById("btnClear");
+  const btnRandom = document.getElementById("btnRandom");
+
+  const btnBitsUp = document.getElementById("btnBitsUp");
+  const btnBitsDown = document.getElementById("btnBitsDown");
+
+  const toolboxToggle = document.getElementById("toolboxToggle");
+  const toolboxPanel = document.getElementById("toolboxPanel");
+
+  /* -----------------------------
+     STATE
+  ----------------------------- */
+  let bitCount = clampInt(Number(bitsInput?.value ?? 8), 1, 64);
+  let bits = new Array(bitCount).fill(false);
+  let randomTimer = null;
+
+  // For responsive wrapping of the top binary display
+  let nibblesPerLine = null;
+  let wrapMeasureSpan = null;
+
+  /* -----------------------------
+     HELPERS
+  ----------------------------- */
+  function clampInt(n, min, max) {
+    if (!Number.isFinite(n)) return min;
+    return Math.max(min, Math.min(max, Math.trunc(n)));
+  }
+
+  function isTwosMode() {
+    return !!modeToggle?.checked;
+  }
+
+  function pow2Big(n) {
+    return 1n << BigInt(n);
+  }
+
+  function unsignedMaxExclusive(nBits) {
+    return pow2Big(nBits);
+  }
+
+  function unsignedMaxValue(nBits) {
+    return pow2Big(nBits) - 1n;
+  }
+
+  function twosMin(nBits) {
+    return -pow2Big(nBits - 1);
+  }
+
+  function twosMax(nBits) {
+    return pow2Big(nBits - 1) - 1n;
+  }
+
+  function bitsToUnsignedBigInt() {
+    let v = 0n;
+    for (let i = 0; i < bitCount; i++) {
+      if (bits[i]) v += pow2Big(i);
+    }
+    return v;
+  }
+
+  function unsignedBigIntToBits(vUnsigned) {
+    const span = unsignedMaxExclusive(bitCount);
+    const v = ((vUnsigned % span) + span) % span;
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < bitCount; i++) {
+      bits[i] = ((v >> BigInt(i)) & 1n) === 1n;
+    }
+  }
+
+  function bitsToSignedBigIntTwos() {
+    const u = bitsToUnsignedBigInt();
+    const signBit = bits[bitCount - 1] === true;
+    if (!signBit) return u;
+    return u - pow2Big(bitCount);
+  }
+
+  function signedBigIntToBitsTwos(vSigned) {
+    const span = pow2Big(bitCount);
+    let v = ((vSigned % span) + span) % span;
+    unsignedBigIntToBits(v);
+  }
+
+  function updateModeHint() {
+    if (!modeHint) return;
+    modeHint.textContent = isTwosMode()
+      ? "Tip: In two’s complement, the left-most bit (MSB) represents a negative value."
+      : "Tip: In unsigned binary, all bits represent positive values.";
+  }
+
+  /* -----------------------------
+     TOP BINARY DISPLAY: responsive wrap by nibble count
+  ----------------------------- */
+  function ensureWrapMeasurer() {
+    if (wrapMeasureSpan || !binaryEl) return;
+    wrapMeasureSpan = document.createElement("span");
+    wrapMeasureSpan.style.position = "absolute";
+    wrapMeasureSpan.style.visibility = "hidden";
+    wrapMeasureSpan.style.whiteSpace = "pre";
+    wrapMeasureSpan.style.pointerEvents = "none";
+    // Inherit font/letterspacing from binaryEl
+    wrapMeasureSpan.style.font = getComputedStyle(binaryEl).font;
+    wrapMeasureSpan.style.letterSpacing = getComputedStyle(binaryEl).letterSpacing;
+    document.body.appendChild(wrapMeasureSpan);
+  }
+
+  function computeNibblesPerLine() {
+    if (!binaryEl) return null;
+    ensureWrapMeasurer();
+
+    // Available width = width of the readout area (binaryEl parent)
+    const host = binaryEl.parentElement;
+    if (!host) return null;
+
+    const hostW = host.getBoundingClientRect().width;
+    if (!Number.isFinite(hostW) || hostW <= 0) return null;
+
+    // Measure one nibble including trailing space ("0000 ")
+    wrapMeasureSpan.textContent = "0000 ";
+    const nibbleW = wrapMeasureSpan.getBoundingClientRect().width || 1;
+
+    // Safety: keep at least 1 nibble per line
+    const max = Math.max(1, Math.floor(hostW / nibbleW));
+    return max;
+  }
+
+  function formatBinaryWrapped() {
+    // EXACT bitCount digits (no padding to 4)
+    let raw = "";
+    for (let i = bitCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) raw += bits[i] ? "1" : "0";
+
+    // If <= 4 bits, do NOT insert spaces/newlines at all
+    if (bitCount <= 4) return raw;
+
+    const groups = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < raw.length; i += 4) {
+      groups.push(raw.slice(i, i + 4));
+    }
+
+    const perLine = nibblesPerLine ?? groups.length;
+    if (perLine >= groups.length) return groups.join(" ");
+
+    const lines = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < groups.length; i += perLine) {
+      lines.push(groups.slice(i, i + perLine).join(" "));
+    }
+    return lines.join("\n");
+  }
+
+  function refreshBinaryWrap() {
+    const next = computeNibblesPerLine();
+    // Only update if it actually changes (prevents jitter)
+    if (next !== nibblesPerLine) nibblesPerLine = next;
+    updateReadout(); // re-render with new wrap
+  }
+
+  /* -----------------------------
+     BUILD UI (BITS)
+  ----------------------------- */
+  function buildBits(count) {
+    bitCount = clampInt(count, 1, 64);
+    if (bitsInput) bitsInput.value = String(bitCount);
+
+    const oldBits = bits.slice();
+    bits = new Array(bitCount).fill(false);
+    for (let i = 0; i < Math.min(oldBits.length, bitCount); i++) bits[i] = oldBits[i];
+
+    bitsGrid.innerHTML = "";
+
+    bitsGrid.classList.toggle("bitsFew", bitCount < 8);
+    if (bitCount < 8) {
+      bitsGrid.style.setProperty("--cols", String(bitCount));
+    } else {
+      bitsGrid.style.removeProperty("--cols");
+    }
+
+    for (let i = bitCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+      const bitEl = document.createElement("div");
+      bitEl.className = "bit";
+
+      bitEl.innerHTML = `
+        <div class="bulb" id="bulb-${i}" aria-hidden="true">💡</div>
+        <div class="bitVal" id="bitLabel-${i}"></div>
+        <label class="switch" aria-label="Toggle bit ${i}">
+          <input type="checkbox" data-index="${i}">
+          <span class="slider"></span>
+        </label>
+      `;
+
+      bitsGrid.appendChild(bitEl);
+    }
+
+    bitsGrid.querySelectorAll('input[type="checkbox"]').forEach((input) => {
+      input.addEventListener("change", () => {
+        const i = Number(input.dataset.index);
+        bits[i] = input.checked;
+        updateUI();
+      });
+    });
+
+    // bulb styling + 25% bigger (vs 26px previously)
+    for (let i = 0; i < bitCount; i++) {
+      const bulb = document.getElementById(`bulb-${i}`);
+      if (!bulb) continue;
+      bulb.style.width = "auto";
+      bulb.style.height = "auto";
+      bulb.style.border = "none";
+      bulb.style.background = "transparent";
+      bulb.style.borderRadius = "0";
+      bulb.style.boxShadow = "none";
+      bulb.style.opacity = "0.45";
+      bulb.style.fontSize = "32px";
+      bulb.style.lineHeight = "1";
+      bulb.style.display = "flex";
+      bulb.style.alignItems = "center";
+      bulb.style.justifyContent = "center";
+      bulb.style.filter = "grayscale(1)";
+      bulb.textContent = "💡";
+    }
+
+    // wrapping may change when bit width changes
+    refreshBinaryWrap();
+    updateUI();
+  }
+
+  /* -----------------------------
+     UI UPDATE
+  ----------------------------- */
+  function updateBitLabels() {
+    for (let i = 0; i < bitCount; i++) {
+      const label = document.getElementById(`bitLabel-${i}`);
+      if (!label) continue;
+
+      if (isTwosMode() && i === bitCount - 1) {
+        // Keep on one line (CSS: white-space:nowrap)
+        label.textContent = `-${pow2Big(bitCount - 1).toString()}`;
+      } else {
+        label.textContent = pow2Big(i).toString();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  function syncSwitchesToBits() {
+    bitsGrid.querySelectorAll('input[type="checkbox"]').forEach((input) => {
+      const i = Number(input.dataset.index);
+      input.checked = !!bits[i];
+    });
+  }
+
+  function updateBulbs() {
+    for (let i = 0; i < bitCount; i++) {
+      const bulb = document.getElementById(`bulb-${i}`);
+      if (!bulb) continue;
+
+      const on = bits[i] === true;
+      if (on) {
+        bulb.style.opacity = "1";
+        bulb.style.filter = "grayscale(0)";
+        bulb.style.textShadow = "0 0 18px rgba(255,216,107,.75), 0 0 30px rgba(255,216,107,.45)";
+      } else {
+        bulb.style.opacity = "0.45";
+        bulb.style.filter = "grayscale(1)";
+        bulb.style.textShadow = "none";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  function updateReadout() {
+    if (!denaryEl || !binaryEl) return;
+
+    denaryEl.textContent = (isTwosMode() ? bitsToSignedBigIntTwos() : bitsToUnsignedBigInt()).toString();
+    binaryEl.textContent = formatBinaryWrapped();
+  }
+
+  function updateUI() {
+    updateModeHint();
+    updateBitLabels();
+    syncSwitchesToBits();
+    updateBulbs();
+    updateReadout();
+  }
+
+  /* -----------------------------
+     SET FROM INPUT
+  ----------------------------- */
+  function setFromBinaryString(binStr) {
+    const clean = String(binStr ?? "").replace(/\s+/g, "");
+    if (!/^[01]+$/.test(clean)) return false;
+
+    const padded = clean.slice(-bitCount).padStart(bitCount, "0");
+    for (let i = 0; i < bitCount; i++) {
+      const charFromRight = padded[padded.length - 1 - i];
+      bits[i] = charFromRight === "1";
+    }
+
+    updateUI();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  function setFromDenaryInput(vStr) {
+    const raw = String(vStr ?? "").trim();
+    if (!raw) return false;
+
+    let v;
+    try {
+      if (!/^-?\d+$/.test(raw)) return false;
+      v = BigInt(raw);
+    } catch {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (isTwosMode()) {
+      const min = twosMin(bitCount);
+      const max = twosMax(bitCount);
+      if (v < min || v > max) return false;
+      signedBigIntToBitsTwos(v);
+    } else {
+      if (v < 0n) return false;
+      if (v > unsignedMaxValue(bitCount)) return false;
+      unsignedBigIntToBits(v);
+    }
+
+    updateUI();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /* -----------------------------
+     SHIFTS
+  ----------------------------- */
+  function shiftLeft() {
+    for (let i = bitCount - 1; i >= 1; i--) bits[i] = bits[i - 1];
+    bits[0] = false;
+    updateUI();
+  }
+
+  function shiftRight() {
+    if (isTwosMode()) {
+      // arithmetic right shift: keep MSB
+      const msb = bits[bitCount - 1];
+      for (let i = 0; i < bitCount - 1; i++) bits[i] = bits[i + 1];
+      bits[bitCount - 1] = msb;
+    } else {
+      for (let i = 0; i < bitCount - 1; i++) bits[i] = bits[i + 1];
+      bits[bitCount - 1] = false;
+    }
+    updateUI();
+  }
+
+  /* -----------------------------
+     CLEAR / INC / DEC
+  ----------------------------- */
+  function clearAll() {
+    bits.fill(false);
+    updateUI();
+  }
+
+  function increment() {
+    if (isTwosMode()) {
+      const min = twosMin(bitCount);
+      const max = twosMax(bitCount);
+      let v = bitsToSignedBigIntTwos() + 1n;
+      if (v > max) v = min;
+      signedBigIntToBitsTwos(v);
+    } else {
+      const span = unsignedMaxExclusive(bitCount);
+      unsignedBigIntToBits((bitsToUnsignedBigInt() + 1n) % span);
+    }
+    updateUI();
+  }
+
+  function decrement() {
+    if (isTwosMode()) {
+      const min = twosMin(bitCount);
+      const max = twosMax(bitCount);
+      let v = bitsToSignedBigIntTwos() - 1n;
+      if (v < min) v = max;
+      signedBigIntToBitsTwos(v);
+    } else {
+      const span = unsignedMaxExclusive(bitCount);
+      unsignedBigIntToBits((bitsToUnsignedBigInt() - 1n + span) % span);
+    }
+    updateUI();
+  }
+
+  /* -----------------------------
+     RANDOM
+  ----------------------------- */
+  function cryptoRandomBigInt(maxExclusive) {
+    if (maxExclusive <= 0n) return 0n;
+    const bitLen = maxExclusive.toString(2).length;
+    const byteLen = Math.ceil(bitLen / 8);
+
+    while (true) {
+      const bytes = new Uint8Array(byteLen);
+      crypto.getRandomValues(bytes);
+
+      let x = 0n;
+      for (const b of bytes) x = (x << 8n) | BigInt(b);
+
+      const extraBits = BigInt(byteLen * 8 - bitLen);
+      if (extraBits > 0n) x = x >> extraBits;
+      if (x < maxExclusive) return x;
+    }
+  }
+
+  function setRandomOnce() {
+    const span = unsignedMaxExclusive(bitCount);
+    const u = cryptoRandomBigInt(span);
+    unsignedBigIntToBits(u);
+    updateUI();
+  }
+
+  function runRandomBriefly() {
+    if (randomTimer) {
+      clearInterval(randomTimer);
+      randomTimer = null;
+    }
+
+    const start = Date.now();
+    const durationMs = 1125; // (your “~25% longer” vs 900ms)
+    const tickMs = 80;
+
+    randomTimer = setInterval(() => {
+      setRandomOnce();
+      if (Date.now() - start >= durationMs) {
+        clearInterval(randomTimer);
+        randomTimer = null;
+      }
+    }, tickMs);
+  }
+
+  /* -----------------------------
+     BIT WIDTH CONTROLS
+  ----------------------------- */
+  function setBitWidth(n) {
+    buildBits(clampInt(n, 1, 64));
+  }
+
+  /* -----------------------------
+     TOOLBOX TOGGLE (simple open/close state)
+  ----------------------------- */
+  function setToolboxOpen(open) {
+    document.body.classList.toggle("toolboxClosed", !open);
+    toolboxToggle?.setAttribute("aria-expanded", open ? "true" : "false");
+    refreshBinaryWrap(); // width changes when toolbox closes/opens
+  }
+
+  /* -----------------------------
+     EVENTS
+  ----------------------------- */
+  modeToggle?.addEventListener("change", () => updateUI());
+
+  btnCustomBinary?.addEventListener("click", () => {
+    const v = prompt(`Enter binary (spaces allowed). Current width: ${bitCount} bits`);
+    if (v === null) return;
+    if (!setFromBinaryString(v)) alert("Invalid binary");
+  });
+
+  btnCustomDenary?.addEventListener("click", () => {
+    const v = prompt(
+      isTwosMode()
+        ? `Enter denary (${twosMin(bitCount).toString()} to ${twosMax(bitCount).toString()}):`
+        : `Enter denary (0 to ${unsignedMaxValue(bitCount).toString()}):`
+    );
+    if (v === null) return;
+    if (!setFromDenaryInput(v)) alert("Invalid denary for current mode/bit width");
+  });
+
+  btnShiftLeft?.addEventListener("click", shiftLeft);
+  btnShiftRight?.addEventListener("click", shiftRight);
+
+  btnInc?.addEventListener("click", increment);
+  btnDec?.addEventListener("click", decrement);
+
+  btnClear?.addEventListener("click", clearAll);
+  btnRandom?.addEventListener("click", runRandomBriefly);
+
+  btnBitsUp?.addEventListener("click", () => setBitWidth(bitCount + 1));
+  btnBitsDown?.addEventListener("click", () => setBitWidth(bitCount - 1));
+
+  bitsInput?.addEventListener("change", () => setBitWidth(Number(bitsInput.value)));
+
+  toolboxToggle?.addEventListener("click", () => {
+    const isOpen = !document.body.classList.contains("toolboxClosed");
+    setToolboxOpen(!isOpen);
+  });
+
+  // Recompute wrapping live when the window size changes
+  let resizeT = null;
+  window.addEventListener("resize", () => {
+    if (resizeT) clearTimeout(resizeT);
+    resizeT = setTimeout(() => refreshBinaryWrap(), 60);
+  });
+
+  /* -----------------------------
+     INIT
+  ----------------------------- */
+  updateModeHint();
+  buildBits(bitCount);
+  setToolboxOpen(true);
+})();
--- a/src/src/styles/binary.css
+++ b/src/src/styles/binary.css
@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
+/*
+  Binary page styles (keeps the last-working simulator markup + binary.js).
+
+  Goals:
+  - Do NOT change any IDs/classes expected by src/scripts/binary.js
+  - Toolbox button toggles the ENTIRE right-hand column via body.toolboxClosed
+  - Fix toolbox button positioning (no overlap, consistent with header container)
+  - Fix spacing/consistency of cards + buttons
+  - Keep binary readout wrapping/bit-width behaviour from JS (\n in output)
+*/
+
+:root{
+  --panel-w: 360px;
+  --gap: 22px;
+}
+
+/* Page wrapper (inside BaseLayout .pageWrap) */
+.wrap{
+  max-width: 1400px;
+  margin: 0 auto;
+  padding: 22px 20px 48px;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 14px;
+}
+
+/* Toolbox toggle button (sits below navbar, aligned right, never overlaps) */
+.toolboxToggle{
+  align-self: flex-end;
+  position: sticky;
+  top: calc(var(--nav-h, 108px) + 14px);
+  z-index: 30;
+
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 10px;
+  height: 40px;
+  padding: 0 14px;
+  border-radius: 12px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.14);
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,.06);
+  color: rgba(255,255,255,.92);
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+.toolboxToggle:hover{ background: rgba(255,255,255,.08); }
+.toolboxText{
+  letter-spacing: .12em;
+  font-weight: 900;
+}
+
+/* Main layout grid */
+.topGrid{
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: 1fr var(--panel-w);
+  gap: var(--gap);
+  align-items: start;
+}
+
+/* Hide ENTIRE toolbox column when toggled closed */
+body.toolboxClosed .topGrid{ grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
+body.toolboxClosed #toolboxPanel{ display: none; }
+
+.mainCol{ min-width: 0; }
+
+/* Readout */
+.readout{
+  text-align: center;
+  margin-top: 8px;
+}
+
+.label{
+  opacity: .8;
+  letter-spacing: .12em;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+  font-size: 12px;
+}
+
+/* IMPORTANT: allow shrinking below 4 bits (no min-width!) */
+.num{
+  display: inline-block;
+  width: fit-content;
+  max-width: 100%;
+  white-space: pre-line; /* allows JS \n wraps */
+  letter-spacing: 2px;
+}
+
+.denaryValue{
+  font-size: 54px;
+  margin: 6px 0 10px;
+}
+
+.binaryValue{
+  font-size: 56px;
+  margin: 4px 0 18px;
+}
+
+.divider{
+  height: 1px;
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,.10);
+  margin: 14px auto 24px;
+  max-width: 900px;
+}
+
+/* Bits area */
+.bitsWrap{ padding-top: 6px; }
+
+.bitsGrid{
+  display: grid;
+  gap: 24px;
+  justify-content: center;
+  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(110px, 1fr));
+  max-width: 1200px;
+  margin: 0 auto;
+}
+
+.bitsGrid.bitsFew{ justify-content: center; }
+
+.bit{
+  display: grid;
+  justify-items: center;
+  gap: 8px;
+}
+
+.bulb{
+  font-size: 32px; /* JS also bumps this */
+  line-height: 1;
+  opacity: .45;
+}
+
+.bitVal{
+  font-size: 22px;
+  line-height: 1.05;
+  text-align: center;
+  white-space: nowrap; /* keep -128 on one line */
+}
+
+/* Switch (existing classes assumed) */
+.switch{
+  position: relative;
+  display: inline-block;
+  width: 52px;
+  height: 28px;
+}
+.switch input{ display:none; }
+.slider{
+  position:absolute;
+  inset:0;
+  border-radius:999px;
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,.18);
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.14);
+}
+.slider:before{
+  content:"";
+  position:absolute;
+  height: 22px;
+  width: 22px;
+  left: 3px;
+  top: 2.5px;
+  border-radius: 999px;
+  background: #fff;
+  transition: transform .18s ease;
+}
+.switch input:checked + .slider:before{ transform: translateX(22px); }
+
+/* Toolbox column */
+.panelCol{
+  position: sticky;
+  top: calc(var(--nav-h, 108px) + 72px); /* leaves space for sticky toolbox button */
+  align-self: start;
+  display: grid;
+  gap: 16px;
+}
+
+/* Cards */
+.card{
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12);
+  border-radius: 16px;
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,.05);
+  padding: 14px;
+}
+
+.cardTitle{
+  opacity: .8;
+  letter-spacing: .14em;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  margin-bottom: 10px;
+}
+
+.hint{
+  opacity: .7;
+  font-size: 11px;
+  margin-top: 10px;
+  line-height: 1.35;
+}
+
+/* Keep mode labels on one line */
+.toggleRow{
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr;
+  gap: 10px;
+  align-items: center;
+}
+
+.toggleLabel{
+  font-size: 12px;
+  font-weight: 800;
+  letter-spacing: .12em;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+.subCard{
+  margin-top: 12px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.10);
+  border-radius: 14px;
+  background: rgba(0,0,0,.12);
+  padding: 12px;
+}
+
+.subTitle{
+  opacity: .8;
+  letter-spacing: .14em;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+  font-size: 11px;
+  margin-bottom: 10px;
+}
+
+.bitWidthRow{
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: 44px 1fr 44px;
+  gap: 10px;
+  align-items: center;
+}
+
+.bitInputWrap{
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;
+  gap: 10px;
+  align-items: center;
+  padding: 10px 12px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.10);
+  border-radius: 12px;
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,.04);
+}
+
+.bitInputLabel{
+  opacity: .75;
+  letter-spacing: .14em;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+  font-size: 11px;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+.bitInput{
+  width: 100%;
+  min-width: 0;
+  background: transparent;
+  border: none;
+  outline: none;
+  color: inherit;
+  font-size: 20px;
+  text-align: right;
+}
+
+.miniBtn{
+  height: 44px;
+  border-radius: 12px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12);
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,.06);
+  color: rgba(255,255,255,.9);
+  font-size: 18px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+.miniBtn:hover{ background: rgba(255,255,255,.08); }
+
+/* Buttons */
+.controlsRow{
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
+  gap: 10px;
+  margin-bottom: 10px;
+}
+
+.btn{
+  border-radius: 12px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12);
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,.06);
+  color: rgba(255,255,255,.92);
+  padding: 12px 12px;
+  font-weight: 800;
+  letter-spacing: .10em;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+.btn:hover{ background: rgba(255,255,255,.08); }
+
+.btnWide{ width: 100%; }
+
+.btnAccent{
+  background: rgba(0,255,140,.12);
+  border-color: rgba(0,255,140,.22);
+}
+.btnAccent:hover{ background: rgba(0,255,140,.16); }
+
+.toolRowCentered{
+  display: flex;
+  justify-content: center;
+  gap: 12px;
+  margin: 10px 0 12px;
+}
+
+.toolBtn{
+  width: 56px;
+  height: 56px;
+  border-radius: 14px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12);
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,.06);
+  color: rgba(255,255,255,.92);
+  font-size: 18px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.toolDec{ background: rgba(255,0,0,.14); border-color: rgba(255,0,0,.20); }
+.toolInc{ background: rgba(0,255,140,.14); border-color: rgba(0,255,140,.20); }
+
+.toolRow2{
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
+  gap: 10px;
+  margin-bottom: 12px;
+}
+
+/* Reset stays white text */
+.btnReset{ color: rgba(255,255,255,.92); }
+
+/* Responsive */
+@media (max-width: 980px){
+  .topGrid{ grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
+  .panelCol{ position: static; }
+  .toolboxToggle{ position: static; align-self: flex-start; }
+}
--- a/src/src/styles/global.css
+++ b/src/src/styles/global.css
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+:root{
+  --bg: #1f2027;
+  --panel: #22242d;
+  --panel2: rgba(255,255,255,.04);
+  --text: #e8e8ee;
+  --muted: #a9acb8;
+  --accent: #33ff7a;
+  --accent-dim: rgba(51,255,122,.15);
+  --line: rgba(255,255,255,.12);
+}
+
+*{ box-sizing:border-box; }
+
+body{
+  margin:0;
+  font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;
+  background: var(--bg);
+  color: var(--text);
+}
+
+.siteHeader{
+  position: sticky;
+  top: 0;
+  z-index: 10;
+  background: rgba(0,0,0,.15);
+  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
+  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.06);
+}
+
+.siteHeaderInner{
+  max-width: 1200px;
+  margin: 0 auto;
+  padding: 14px 20px;
+  display:flex;
+  align-items:center;
+  justify-content:space-between;
+  gap: 16px;
+}
+
+.brand{
+  color: var(--text);
+  text-decoration:none;
+  font-weight: 900;
+  letter-spacing:.02em;
+}
+
+.nav{
+  display:flex;
+  gap: 14px;
+  flex-wrap:wrap;
+  justify-content:flex-end;
+}
+.nav a{
+  color: var(--muted);
+  text-decoration:none;
+  font-weight: 700;
+  font-size: 14px;
+}
+.nav a:hover{ color: var(--text); }
+
+.siteMain{
+  min-height: calc(100vh - 140px);
+}
+
+.siteFooter{
+  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.08);
+  margin-top: 32px;
+  background: rgba(0,0,0,.10);
+}
+
+.siteFooterInner{
+  max-width: 1200px;
+  margin: 0 auto;
+  padding: 18px 20px 26px;
+  color: var(--muted);
+  font-size: 12px;
+  line-height: 1.6;
+}
+
+.footerTitle{
+  color: var(--text);
+  opacity:.9;
+  font-weight: 800;
+  margin-bottom: 6px;
+}
--- a/src/src/styles/site.css
+++ b/src/src/styles/site.css
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+:root{
+  --bg: #1f2027;
+  --panel: rgba(255,255,255,.04);
+  --panel-border: rgba(255,255,255,.10);
+  --text: #e8e8ee;
+  --muted: #a9acb8;
+  --accent: #33ff7a;
+  --accent-dim: rgba(51,255,122,.15);
+  --line: rgba(255,255,255,.12);
+}
+
+*{ box-sizing: border-box; }
+
+body{
+  margin:0;
+  font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;
+  background: var(--bg);
+  color: var(--text);
+}
+
+.site-header{
+  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.08);
+  background: rgba(0,0,0,.12);
+}
+
+.site-header__inner{
+  max-width: 1200px;
+  margin: 0 auto;
+  padding: 14px 20px;
+  display:flex;
+  align-items:center;
+  justify-content:space-between;
+  gap: 18px;
+}
+
+.brand{
+  font-weight: 800;
+  letter-spacing: .02em;
+}
+
+.nav{
+  display:flex;
+  gap: 14px;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+  justify-content:flex-end;
+}
+
+.nav__link{
+  color: var(--muted);
+  text-decoration:none;
+  font-weight: 700;
+  font-size: 13px;
+}
+.nav__link:hover{ color: var(--text); }
+
+.site-main{
+  max-width: 1200px;
+  margin: 0 auto;
+  padding: 28px 20px 40px;
+  min-height: calc(100vh - 140px);
+}
+
+.site-footer{
+  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.08);
+  background: rgba(0,0,0,.10);
+}
+
+.site-footer__inner{
+  max-width: 1200px;
+  margin: 0 auto;
+  padding: 16px 20px;
+  color: var(--muted);
+  font-size: 12px;
+  line-height: 1.5;
+}
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
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