Binary simulator is feature complete.

Known issues:
- Formatting of the navbar across the site is broken
- Formatting of the Binary simulator is broken

Signed-off-by: Alexander Lyall <alex@adcm.uk>

src/components/simulators/HexSimulator.astro

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+---
+import "./hex/hex-simulator.css";
+---
+
+<section class="hex-sim" data-hex-sim>
+  <div class="hex-main">
+    <div class="hex-readout">
+      <div class="hex-label">DENARY</div>
+      <div class="hex-number" data-out="denary">0</div>
+
+      <div class="hex-label hex-mt">HEXADECIMAL</div>
+      <div class="hex-number hex-number--small" data-out="hex">00</div>
+
+      <div class="hex-label hex-mt">BINARY</div>
+      <div class="hex-number hex-number--tiny" data-out="bin">0000 0000</div>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="hex-divider"></div>
+
+    <div class="hex-digits" data-out="digitsRow"></div>
+  </div>
+
+  <!-- Toolbox button -->
+  <button class="hex-toolbox-btn" type="button" data-action="toggleToolbox" aria-controls="hex-toolbox" aria-expanded="true">
+    <span class="hex-toolbox-icon" aria-hidden="true">
+      <!-- toolbox icon -->
+      <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="18" height="18" fill="none">
+        <path d="M9 7V6a3 3 0 0 1 6 0v1" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
+        <path d="M4 9h16l-1.3 10.4A2 2 0 0 1 16.7 21H7.3a2 2 0 0 1-1.98-1.6L4 9Z" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
+        <path d="M10 13h4" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
+      </svg>
+    </span>
+    TOOLBOX
+  </button>
+
+  <!-- Toolbox panel -->
+  <aside class="hex-toolbox is-open" id="hex-toolbox" data-out="toolbox">
+    <div class="hex-panel">
+      <div class="hex-panel-title">SETTINGS</div>
+
+      <div class="hex-setting-title">HEX DIGIT WIDTH</div>
+
+      <div class="hex-width">
+        <button class="hex-btn hex-btn--square" type="button" data-action="digitsMinus">−</button>
+
+        <div class="hex-width-readout">
+          <div class="hex-width-label">DIGITS</div>
+          <div class="hex-width-number" data-out="digitsCount">2</div>
+        </div>
+
+        <button class="hex-btn hex-btn--square" type="button" data-action="digitsPlus">+</button>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="hex-hint" data-out="bitsHint">= 8 bits</div>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="hex-panel">
+      <div class="hex-panel-title">CUSTOM NUMBER</div>
+
+      <div class="hex-grid-2">
+        <button class="hex-btn hex-btn--green" type="button" data-action="customHex">Custom Hexadecimal</button>
+        <button class="hex-btn hex-btn--green" type="button" data-action="customDenary">Custom Denary</button>
+      </div>
+
+      <!-- Custom Binary + Random on SAME row, same size -->
+      <div class="hex-grid-2 hex-mt-sm">
+        <button class="hex-btn hex-btn--green" type="button" data-action="customBinary">Custom Binary</button>
+        <button class="hex-btn hex-btn--wide hex-btn--random" type="button" data-action="random" data-random>Random</button>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="hex-tiny-note">RANDOM RUNS BRIEFLY THEN STOPS AUTOMATICALLY.</div>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="hex-panel">
+      <div class="hex-panel-title">TOOLS</div>
+
+      <div class="hex-tools-top">
+        <button class="hex-btn hex-btn--square hex-btn--red" type="button" data-action="decrement" title="Decrement">▼</button>
+        <button class="hex-btn hex-btn--square hex-btn--green2" type="button" data-action="increment" title="Increment">▲</button>
+      </div>
+
+      <button class="hex-btn hex-btn--wide hex-btn--reset" type="button" data-action="reset">Reset</button>
+    </div>
+  </aside>
+
+  <!-- Custom number dialog -->
+  <dialog class="hex-dialog" data-out="dialog">
+    <div class="hex-dialog-card">
+      <div class="hex-dialog-title" data-out="dialogTitle">Custom</div>
+
+      <input class="hex-dialog-input hex-font-mono" data-out="dialogInput" />
+
+      <div class="hex-dialog-hint" data-out="dialogHint"></div>
+      <div class="hex-dialog-error" data-out="dialogError" aria-live="polite"></div>
+
+      <div class="hex-dialog-actions">
+        <button class="hex-btn" type="button" data-action="dialogCancel">Cancel</button>
+        <button class="hex-btn hex-btn--green" type="button" data-action="dialogApply">Apply</button>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </dialog>
+
+  <script type="module" src="/src/components/simulators/hex/hex-simulator.ts"></script>
+</section>

src/components/simulators/hex/hex-simulator.css

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+/* ================= Fonts to match Binary ================= */
+/* Adjust paths to wherever you store fonts (commonly /public/fonts/...) */
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "DSEG7Classic";
+  src: url("/fonts/DSEG7Classic-Regular.woff") format("woff"),
+       url("/fonts/DSEG7Classic-Regular.ttf") format("truetype");
+  font-weight: 400;
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-display: swap;
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "SevenSegment";
+  src: url("/fonts/Seven-Segment.woff2") format("woff2"),
+       url("/fonts/Seven-Segment.woff") format("woff");
+  font-weight: 400;
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-display: swap;
+}
+
+.hex-sim {
+  min-height: 100vh;
+  background: #14151c;
+  color: #e7e8ee;
+  padding: 28px;
+}
+
+.hex-font-number { font-family: "DSEG7Classic", ui-monospace, monospace; }
+.hex-font-mono   { font-family: "SevenSegment", ui-monospace, monospace; }
+
+.hex-main { max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; width: 100%; padding-top: 40px; }
+
+.hex-readout { text-align: center; }
+.hex-label {
+  font-family: "SevenSegment", ui-sans-serif, system-ui;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  letter-spacing: 2px;
+  opacity: 0.7;
+}
+.hex-mt { margin-top: 12px; }
+
+.hex-number {
+  font-family: "DSEG7Classic", ui-monospace, monospace;
+  font-size: 76px;
+  line-height: 1;
+  font-weight: 400;
+  color: #46ff8a;
+  text-shadow: 0 0 18px rgba(70,255,138,0.18);
+}
+.hex-number--small { font-size: 64px; }
+.hex-number--tiny  { font-size: 54px; letter-spacing: 6px; }
+
+.hex-divider {
+  margin: 26px auto 18px;
+  height: 1px;
+  width: min(760px, 90%);
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.10);
+}
+
+/* ================= Main digit columns ================= */
+.hex-digits {
+  margin-top: 18px;
+  display: flex;
+  justify-content: center;
+  gap: 18px;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+}
+
+.hex-digit-col {
+  width: 160px;
+  border-radius: 18px;
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.03);
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.10);
+  padding: 12px;
+  display: grid;
+  gap: 10px;
+  justify-items: center;
+}
+
+.hex-digit-controls {
+  width: 100%;
+  display: flex;
+  justify-content: center;
+  gap: 10px;
+}
+
+.hex-digit-char {
+  font-size: 64px;
+  line-height: 1;
+  color: #46ff8a;
+  text-shadow: 0 0 18px rgba(70,255,138,0.18);
+}
+
+.hex-digit-place {
+  font-family: "SevenSegment", ui-monospace, monospace;
+  opacity: 0.65;
+  font-size: 14px;
+  letter-spacing: 1px;
+}
+
+/* ================= Bulbs (brightness changes) ================= */
+.hex-bulbs {
+  width: 100%;
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
+  gap: 10px;
+  align-items: end;
+}
+
+.hex-bulb {
+  display: grid;
+  justify-items: center;
+  gap: 6px;
+  opacity: 0.35;
+  filter: grayscale(30%);
+  transition: opacity 160ms ease, filter 160ms ease;
+}
+
+.hex-bulb .hex-bulb-cap {
+  width: 18px;
+  height: 18px;
+  border-radius: 999px;
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.22);
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.14);
+}
+
+.hex-bulb .hex-bulb-glow {
+  width: 18px;
+  height: 10px;
+  border-radius: 999px;
+  background: rgba(70,255,138,0.0);
+  box-shadow: 0 0 0 rgba(70,255,138,0.0);
+  transition: background 160ms ease, box-shadow 160ms ease;
+}
+
+.hex-bulb .hex-bulb-label {
+  font-family: "SevenSegment", ui-monospace, monospace;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  opacity: 0.8;
+}
+
+.hex-bulb.is-on {
+  opacity: 1;
+  filter: none;
+}
+.hex-bulb.is-on .hex-bulb-cap {
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.35);
+}
+.hex-bulb.is-on .hex-bulb-glow {
+  background: rgba(70,255,138,0.25);
+  box-shadow: 0 0 18px rgba(70,255,138,0.35);
+}
+
+/* ================= Buttons (toolbox style reused everywhere) ================= */
+.hex-btn {
+  padding: 10px 12px;
+  border-radius: 14px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.14);
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.06);
+  color: #e7e8ee;
+  font-weight: 800;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, sans-serif;
+}
+.hex-btn:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.10); }
+
+.hex-btn--square {
+  width: 48px;
+  height: 48px;
+  padding: 0;
+  display: grid;
+  place-items: center;
+  font-size: 18px;
+}
+
+.hex-btn--wide { width: 100%; }
+
+.hex-btn--green {
+  background: rgba(46, 200, 120, 0.18);
+  border-color: rgba(46,200,120,0.35);
+}
+.hex-btn--green:hover { background: rgba(46, 200, 120, 0.26); }
+
+.hex-btn--green2 {
+  background: rgba(46, 200, 120, 0.18);
+  border-color: rgba(46,200,120,0.35);
+}
+
+.hex-btn--red {
+  background: rgba(220, 60, 70, 0.18);
+  border-color: rgba(220,60,70,0.35);
+}
+
+/* Random = green pulse while running */
+.hex-btn--random.is-running {
+  border-color: rgba(80, 255, 160, 0.55);
+  background: rgba(46, 200, 120, 0.22);
+  box-shadow: 0 0 18px rgba(80, 255, 160, 0.35);
+  animation: hexPulseGreen 900ms ease-in-out infinite;
+}
+@keyframes hexPulseGreen {
+  0%, 100% { box-shadow: 0 0 14px rgba(80, 255, 160, 0.25); }
+  50% { box-shadow: 0 0 26px rgba(80, 255, 160, 0.45); }
+}
+
+/* Reset = red background + pulse on hover */
+.hex-btn--reset:hover {
+  background: rgba(220, 60, 70, 0.28);
+  border-color: rgba(255, 80, 90, 0.55);
+  animation: hexPulseRed 900ms ease-in-out infinite;
+}
+@keyframes hexPulseRed {
+  0%, 100% { box-shadow: 0 0 12px rgba(255, 80, 90, 0.20); }
+  50% { box-shadow: 0 0 22px rgba(255, 80, 90, 0.38); }
+}
+
+/* ================= Toolbox button + panel (slide) ================= */
+.hex-toolbox-btn {
+  position: fixed;
+  top: 88px;
+  right: 28px;
+  z-index: 30;
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 10px;
+  padding: 12px 16px;
+  border-radius: 14px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.14);
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.06);
+  color: #e7e8ee;
+  font-weight: 800;
+  letter-spacing: 1px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.hex-toolbox-icon {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  width: 18px;
+  height: 18px;
+  color: #ff4fa6;
+  filter: drop-shadow(0 0 10px rgba(255,79,166,0.35));
+}
+
+.hex-toolbox {
+  position: fixed;
+  top: 140px;
+  right: 28px;
+  width: 340px;
+  display: grid;
+  gap: 14px;
+  z-index: 25;
+
+  transform: translateX(0);
+  opacity: 1;
+  transition: transform 220ms ease, opacity 220ms ease;
+}
+.hex-toolbox:not(.is-open) {
+  transform: translateX(380px);
+  opacity: 0;
+  pointer-events: none;
+}
+
+.hex-panel {
+  border-radius: 16px;
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.04);
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.10);
+  padding: 14px;
+}
+.hex-panel-title {
+  font-family: "SevenSegment", ui-sans-serif, system-ui;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  letter-spacing: 2px;
+  opacity: 0.7;
+  margin-bottom: 10px;
+}
+
+.hex-setting-title { font-weight: 900; opacity: 0.9; margin-bottom: 10px; }
+
+.hex-width {
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: 48px 1fr 48px;
+  gap: 10px;
+  align-items: center;
+}
+.hex-width-readout {
+  border-radius: 14px;
+  background: rgba(0,0,0,0.22);
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.10);
+  padding: 10px 12px;
+  display: flex;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  align-items: baseline;
+}
+.hex-width-label {
+  font-family: "SevenSegment", ui-sans-serif, system-ui;
+  opacity: 0.7;
+  font-weight: 800;
+  letter-spacing: 1px;
+  font-size: 12px;
+}
+.hex-width-number { font-size: 30px; font-weight: 900; color: #46ff8a; }
+
+.hex-hint { margin-top: 8px; opacity: 0.65; font-size: 12px; font-family: "SevenSegment", ui-sans-serif, system-ui; }
+
+.hex-grid-2 { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 10px; }
+.hex-mt-sm { margin-top: 10px; }
+
+.hex-tools-top { display: flex; gap: 10px; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 10px; }
+.hex-tiny-note { margin-top: 8px; font-size: 11px; opacity: 0.6; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: "SevenSegment", ui-sans-serif, system-ui; }
+
+/* ================= Dialog ================= */
+.hex-dialog { border: none; padding: 0; background: transparent; }
+.hex-dialog::backdrop { background: rgba(0,0,0,0.55); }
+
+.hex-dialog-card {
+  width: min(560px, 92vw);
+  border-radius: 18px;
+  background: #1a1b24;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.12);
+  padding: 16px;
+  color: #e7e8ee;
+}
+
+.hex-dialog-title { font-weight: 900; letter-spacing: 1px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: "SevenSegment", ui-sans-serif, system-ui; }
+
+.hex-dialog-input {
+  width: 100%;
+  padding: 12px 12px;
+  border-radius: 14px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.14);
+  background: rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
+  color: #e7e8ee;
+  font-size: 18px;
+}
+
+.hex-dialog-hint { margin-top: 10px; opacity: 0.7; font-size: 13px; font-family: "SevenSegment", ui-sans-serif, system-ui; }
+.hex-dialog-error { margin-top: 8px; font-size: 13px; color: #ff6b6b; min-height: 18px; font-family: "SevenSegment", ui-sans-serif, system-ui; }
+.hex-dialog-actions { margin-top: 14px; display: flex; gap: 10px; justify-content: flex-end; }
+
+@media (max-width: 900px) {
+  .hex-toolbox { width: min(360px, 92vw); right: 16px; }
+  .hex-toolbox-btn { right: 16px; }
+  .hex-number { font-size: 60px; }
+  .hex-number--tiny { font-size: 40px; letter-spacing: 4px; }
+}

src/components/simulators/hex/hex-simulator.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+type DialogMode = "hex" | "den" | "bin";
+
+const root = document.querySelector<HTMLElement>("[data-hex-sim]");
+if (!root) throw new Error("Hex simulator root not found");
+
+const outDen = root.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-out="denary"]')!;
+const outHex = root.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-out="hex"]')!;
+const outBin = root.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-out="bin"]')!;
+const outDigitsRow = root.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-out="digitsRow"]')!;
+
+const toolbox = root.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-out="toolbox"]')!;
+const toolboxBtn = root.querySelector<HTMLButtonElement>('[data-action="toggleToolbox"]')!;
+const digitsCount = root.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-out="digitsCount"]')!;
+const bitsHint = root.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-out="bitsHint"]')!;
+const randomBtn = root.querySelector<HTMLButtonElement>("[data-random]")!;
+
+const dialog = root.querySelector<HTMLDialogElement>('[data-out="dialog"]')!;
+const dialogTitle = root.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-out="dialogTitle"]')!;
+const dialogInput = root.querySelector<HTMLInputElement>('[data-out="dialogInput"]')!;
+const dialogHint = root.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-out="dialogHint"]')!;
+const dialogError = root.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-out="dialogError"]')!;
+
+let digits = 2;        // 1..8
+let value = 0;         // unsigned denary
+let randomTimer: number | null = null;
+let dialogMode: DialogMode | null = null;
+
+const clamp = (n: number, min: number, max: number) => Math.min(max, Math.max(min, n));
+const maxForDigits = (d: number) => (16 ** d) - 1;
+
+const padHex = (n: number, d: number) => n.toString(16).toUpperCase().padStart(d, "0");
+const padBin = (n: number, b: number) => n.toString(2).padStart(b, "0");
+const groupBin = (b: string) => b.replace(/(.{4})/g, "$1 ").trim();
+
+function stopRandom(): void {
+  if (randomTimer !== null) window.clearInterval(randomTimer);
+  randomTimer = null;
+  randomBtn.classList.remove("is-running");
+}
+
+function startRandom(): void {
+  stopRandom();
+  const max = maxForDigits(digits);
+  const start = Date.now();
+
+  randomBtn.classList.add("is-running");
+
+  randomTimer = window.setInterval(() => {
+    value = Math.floor(Math.random() * (max + 1));
+    render();
+    if (Date.now() - start > 1600) stopRandom();
+  }, 90);
+}
+
+function render(): void {
+  const bits = digits * 4;
+
+  digitsCount.textContent = String(digits);
+  bitsHint.textContent = `= ${bits} bits`;
+
+  outDen.textContent = String(value);
+  outHex.textContent = padHex(value, digits);
+  outBin.textContent = groupBin(padBin(value, bits));
+
+  renderDigitsRow();
+}
+
+function renderDigitsRow(): void {
+  const hex = padHex(value, digits);
+  outDigitsRow.innerHTML = "";
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < digits; i++) {
+    const pow = digits - 1 - i;
+    const placeValue = 16 ** pow;
+
+    const digitChar = hex[i];
+    const digitVal = parseInt(digitChar, 16);
+    const nibbleBits = [(digitVal >> 3) & 1, (digitVal >> 2) & 1, (digitVal >> 1) & 1, digitVal & 1]; // 8 4 2 1
+
+    const col = document.createElement("div");
+    col.className = "hex-digit-col";
+    col.innerHTML = `
+      <div class="hex-digit-controls">
+        <button class="hex-btn hex-btn--square hex-btn--green2" type="button" data-action="digitUp" data-i="${i}" title="Increase">▲</button>
+        <button class="hex-btn hex-btn--square hex-btn--red" type="button" data-action="digitDown" data-i="${i}" title="Decrease">▼</button>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="hex-digit-char hex-font-number">${digitChar}</div>
+
+      <!-- bulbs: brightness changes based on nibble bits -->
+      <div class="hex-bulbs" aria-label="Nibble bits">
+        ${[8,4,2,1].map((w, idx) => {
+          const on = nibbleBits[idx] === 1;
+          return `
+            <div class="hex-bulb ${on ? "is-on" : ""}">
+              <div class="hex-bulb-cap"></div>
+              <div class="hex-bulb-glow"></div>
+              <div class="hex-bulb-label">${w}</div>
+            </div>
+          `;
+        }).join("")}
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="hex-digit-place">${placeValue}</div>
+    `;
+    outDigitsRow.appendChild(col);
+  }
+}
+
+function openDialog(mode: DialogMode): void {
+  stopRandom();
+  dialogMode = mode;
+
+  dialogError.textContent = "";
+  dialogInput.value = "";
+
+  if (mode === "hex") {
+    dialogTitle.textContent = "Custom Hexadecimal";
+    dialogHint.textContent = `Enter 1–${digits} hex digit(s) (0–9, A–F).`;
+    dialogInput.placeholder = "A1";
+    dialogInput.inputMode = "text";
+  } else if (mode === "den") {
+    dialogTitle.textContent = "Custom Denary";
+    dialogHint.textContent = `Enter a whole number from 0 to ${maxForDigits(digits)}.`;
+    dialogInput.placeholder = "42";
+    dialogInput.inputMode = "numeric";
+  } else {
+    dialogTitle.textContent = "Custom Binary";
+    dialogHint.textContent = `Enter up to ${digits * 4} bit(s) using 0 and 1.`;
+    dialogInput.placeholder = "00101010";
+    dialogInput.inputMode = "text";
+  }
+
+  dialog.showModal();
+  window.setTimeout(() => dialogInput.focus(), 0);
+}
+
+function closeDialog(): void {
+  dialogMode = null;
+  dialogError.textContent = "";
+  if (dialog.open) dialog.close();
+}
+
+function applyDialog(): void {
+  const raw = (dialogInput.value || "").trim();
+  if (!dialogMode) return closeDialog();
+  if (raw.length === 0) return closeDialog();
+
+  const max = maxForDigits(digits);
+  const bits = digits * 4;
+
+  if (dialogMode === "hex") {
+    const v = raw.toUpperCase();
+    if (!/^[0-9A-F]+$/.test(v)) { dialogError.textContent = "Hex must use 0–9 and A–F only."; return; }
+    if (v.length > digits) { dialogError.textContent = `Max length is ${digits} hex digit(s).`; return; }
+    value = clamp(parseInt(v, 16), 0, max);
+    render();
+    return closeDialog();
+  }
+
+  if (dialogMode === "den") {
+    if (!/^\d+$/.test(raw)) { dialogError.textContent = "Denary must be whole numbers only."; return; }
+    const n = Number(raw);
+    if (!Number.isFinite(n)) { dialogError.textContent = "Invalid number."; return; }
+    value = clamp(n, 0, max);
+    render();
+    return closeDialog();
+  }
+
+  // bin
+  if (!/^[01]+$/.test(raw)) { dialogError.textContent = "Binary must use 0 and 1 only."; return; }
+  if (raw.length > bits) { dialogError.textContent = `Max length is ${bits} bit(s).`; return; }
+  value = clamp(parseInt(raw, 2), 0, max);
+  render();
+  return closeDialog();
+}
+
+function applyDigitDelta(i: number, delta: number): void {
+  stopRandom();
+  const hexArr = padHex(value, digits).split("");
+  let v = parseInt(hexArr[i], 16);
+  v = (v + delta) % 16;
+  if (v < 0) v += 16;
+  hexArr[i] = v.toString(16).toUpperCase();
+  value = clamp(parseInt(hexArr.join(""), 16), 0, maxForDigits(digits));
+  render();
+}
+
+// dialog cancel / backdrop
+dialog.addEventListener("cancel", (e) => { e.preventDefault(); closeDialog(); });
+dialog.addEventListener("click", (e) => {
+  const card = dialog.querySelector(".hex-dialog-card");
+  if (card && !card.contains(e.target as Node)) closeDialog();
+});
+dialogInput.addEventListener("keydown", (e) => {
+  if (e.key === "Enter") applyDialog();
+  if (e.key === "Escape") closeDialog();
+});
+
+// main click handler
+root.addEventListener("click", (e) => {
+  const btn = (e.target as HTMLElement).closest<HTMLElement>("[data-action]");
+  if (!btn) return;
+  const action = btn.getAttribute("data-action")!;
+
+  if (action === "toggleToolbox") {
+    toolbox.classList.toggle("is-open");
+    toolboxBtn.setAttribute("aria-expanded", toolbox.classList.contains("is-open") ? "true" : "false");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (action === "digitsMinus") { digits = clamp(digits - 1, 1, 8); value = clamp(value, 0, maxForDigits(digits)); return render(); }
+  if (action === "digitsPlus")  { digits = clamp(digits + 1, 1, 8); value = clamp(value, 0, maxForDigits(digits)); return render(); }
+
+  if (action === "increment") { stopRandom(); value = clamp(value + 1, 0, maxForDigits(digits)); return render(); }
+  if (action === "decrement") { stopRandom(); value = clamp(value - 1, 0, maxForDigits(digits)); return render(); }
+
+  if (action === "reset")     { stopRandom(); value = 0; return render(); }
+  if (action === "random")    { return startRandom(); }
+
+  if (action === "customHex")    return openDialog("hex");
+  if (action === "customDenary") return openDialog("den");
+  if (action === "customBinary") return openDialog("bin");
+
+  if (action === "dialogCancel") return closeDialog();
+  if (action === "dialogApply")  return applyDialog();
+
+  if (action === "digitUp")   return applyDigitDelta(Number(btn.getAttribute("data-i")), +1);
+  if (action === "digitDown") return applyDigitDelta(Number(btn.getAttribute("data-i")), -1);
+});
+
+render();

src/layouts/BaseLayout.astro

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 ---
-const {
+const { title = "Computing:Box" } = Astro.props;
-  title = "Computing:Box",
-} = Astro.props;
 ---
 
 <!doctype html>
@@ -10,41 +8,10 @@ const {
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" />
     <title>{title}</title>
-    <meta name="color-scheme" content="dark" />
-  </head>
-
-  <body>
-    <header class="siteHeader">
-      <div class="siteHeaderInner">
-        <a class="brand" href="/">
-          <!-- Put your logo file here -->
-          <img
-            class="brandLogo"
-            src="../images/computing-box-logo.svg"
-            alt="Computing:Box logo"
-            width="28"
-            height="28"
-          />
-          <span class="brandName">Computing:Box</span>
-        </a>
-
-        <nav class="siteNav" aria-label="Main navigation">
-          <a href="/about">About</a>
-          <a href="/binary">Binary</a>
-          <a href="/hexadecimal">Hexadecimal</a>
-          <a href="/hex-colours">Hex Colours</a>
-          <a href="/logic-gates">Logic Gates</a>
-        </nav>
-      </div>
-    </header>
-
-    <slot />
 
     <style>
       :root{
-        /* 3× navbar height */
+        --nav-h: 108px; /* 3x-ish height */
-        --nav-height: 96px;
-        --nav-pad-x: 22px;
         --bg: #1f2027;
         --text: #e8e8ee;
         --muted: #a9acb8;
@@ -53,81 +20,99 @@ const {
 
       body{
         margin:0;
-        background: var(--bg);
+        background:var(--bg);
-        color: var(--text);
+        color:var(--text);
       }
 
-      .siteHeader{
+      .siteNav{
         position: sticky;
         top: 0;
-        z-index: 1000;
+        z-index: 50;
-        height: var(--nav-height);
+        height: var(--nav-h);
-        display:flex;
+        background: rgba(0,0,0,.10);
-        align-items:center;
-        background: rgba(0,0,0,.15);
         border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
-        backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
+        backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
       }
 
-      .siteHeaderInner{
+      .navInner{
-        width: 100%;
+        height: 100%;
         max-width: 1400px;
         margin: 0 auto;
-        padding: 0 var(--nav-pad-x);
+        padding: 0 20px;
-        display:flex;
+        display: flex;
-        align-items:center;
+        align-items: center;
-        justify-content:space-between;
+        justify-content: space-between;
-        gap: 18px;
+        gap: 24px;
       }
 
       .brand{
         display:flex;
         align-items:center;
-        gap: 10px;
+        gap:12px;
         text-decoration:none;
-        color: var(--text);
+        color:var(--text);
-        font-weight: 800;
-        letter-spacing: .08em;
-        text-transform: uppercase;
       }
 
       .brandLogo{
-        display:block;
+        width: 2em;
-        width: 28px;
+        height: 2em;
-        height: 28px;
+        image-rendering: pixelated;
       }
 
       .brandName{
-        font-size: 14px;
+        letter-spacing: .12em;
-        opacity: .95;
+        font-weight: 900;
-      }
-
-      .siteNav{
-        display:flex;
-        gap: 18px;
-        align-items:center;
-      }
-
-      .siteNav a{
-        color: var(--muted);
-        text-decoration:none;
-        font-weight: 700;
-        letter-spacing: .08em;
         text-transform: uppercase;
-        font-size: 11px;
+        font-size: 18px;
-        padding: 10px 8px;
-        border-radius: 10px;
       }
 
-      .siteNav a:hover{
+      .navLinks{
+        display:flex;
+        align-items:center;
+        gap:18px;
+        flex-wrap:wrap;
+      }
+
+      .navLinks a{
+        color: var(--muted);
+        text-decoration: none;
+        font-weight: 800;
+        letter-spacing: .12em;
+        font-size: 16px;
+        text-transform: uppercase;
+      }
+
+      .navLinks a:hover{
         color: var(--text);
-        background: rgba(255,255,255,.06);
       }
 
-      @media (max-width: 860px){
+      .pageWrap{
-        .siteNav{ gap: 10px; }
+        max-width: 1400px;
-        .siteNav a{ font-size: 10px; padding: 8px 6px; }
+        margin: 0 auto;
       }
     </style>
+  </head>
+
+  <body>
+    <header class="siteNav">
+      <div class="navInner">
+        <a class="brand" href="/">
+          <img class="brandLogo" src="/images/computing-box-logo.svg" alt="Computing:Box logo" />
+          <span class="brandName">COMPUTING:BOX</span>
+        </a>
+
+        <nav class="navLinks" aria-label="Site navigation">
+          <a href="/about">ABOUT</a>
+          <a href="/binary">BINARY</a>
+          <a href="/hexadecimal">HEXADECIMAL</a>
+          <a href="/hex-colours">HEX COLOURS</a>
+          <a href="/logic-gates">LOGIC GATES</a>
+        </nav>
+      </div>
+    </header>
+
+    <main class="pageWrap">
+      <slot />
+    </main>
   </body>
 </html>

src/pages/binary.astro

@@ -4,21 +4,23 @@ import "../styles/binary.css";
 ---
 
 <BaseLayout title="Binary Simulator">
-  <button id="toolboxToggle" class="toolboxToggle" type="button" aria-expanded="true">
-    <span class="toolboxIcon" aria-hidden="true">🧰</span>
-    <span class="toolboxLabel">TOOLBOX</span>
-  </button>
-
   <main class="wrap">
+    <!-- Toolbox toggle sits below navbar (navbar is in BaseLayout) -->
+    <button id="toolboxToggle" class="toolboxToggle" type="button" aria-expanded="true">
+      <span class="toolboxIcon" aria-hidden="true">🧰</span>
+      <span class="toolboxText">TOOLBOX</span>
+    </button>
+
     <section class="topGrid">
       <!-- LEFT -->
-      <div>
+      <div class="mainCol">
         <div class="readout">
           <div class="label">Denary</div>
           <div id="denaryNumber" class="num denaryValue">0</div>
 
           <div class="label">Binary</div>
-          <div id="binaryNumber" class="num binaryValue">0000 0000</div>
+          <!-- NOTE: JS writes exact bit-width here, so initial value doesn't matter much -->
+          <div id="binaryNumber" class="num binaryValue">00000000</div>
         </div>
 
         <div class="divider"></div>
@@ -28,19 +30,22 @@ import "../styles/binary.css";
         </section>
       </div>
 
-      <!-- RIGHT TOOLBOX -->
+      <!-- RIGHT (Toolbox panel) -->
-      <aside id="toolbox" class="panelCol" aria-label="Toolbox">
+      <aside id="toolboxPanel" class="panelCol" aria-label="Toolbox">
-        <!-- SETTINGS -->
+        <!-- Settings -->
         <div class="card">
           <div class="cardTitle">Settings</div>
 
           <div class="toggleRow">
             <div class="toggleLabel" id="lblUnsigned">Unsigned</div>
+
             <label class="switch" aria-label="Toggle mode">
               <input id="modeToggle" type="checkbox" />
               <span class="slider"></span>
             </label>
-            <div class="toggleLabel" id="lblTwos">Two&rsquo;s complement</div>
+
+            <!-- keep this on ONE line -->
+            <div class="toggleLabel" id="lblTwos">Two&apos;s&nbsp;complement</div>
           </div>
 
           <div class="hint" id="modeHint">
@@ -49,6 +54,7 @@ import "../styles/binary.css";
 
           <div class="subCard">
             <div class="subTitle">Bit width</div>
+
             <div class="bitWidthRow">
               <button class="miniBtn" id="btnBitsDown" type="button" aria-label="Decrease bits">−</button>
 
@@ -72,37 +78,34 @@ import "../styles/binary.css";
           </div>
         </div>
 
-        <!-- CUSTOM -->
+        <!-- Custom Number -->
         <div class="card">
-          <div class="cardTitle">Custom</div>
+          <div class="cardTitle">Custom Number</div>
 
-          <div class="twoBtnRow">
+          <div class="controlsRow">
-            <button class="btn btnAccent" id="btnCustomBinary" type="button">Custom Binary</button>
+            <button class="btn btnAccent btnHalf" id="btnCustomBinary" type="button">Custom Binary</button>
-            <button class="btn btnAccent" id="btnCustomDenary" type="button">Custom Denary</button>
+            <button class="btn btnAccent btnHalf" id="btnCustomDenary" type="button">Custom Denary</button>
           </div>
 
-          <button class="toolBtn toolWide toolRandom" id="btnRandom" type="button">
+          <button class="btn btnWide" id="btnRandom" type="button">Random</button>
-            Random
-          </button>
-
           <div class="hint">Random runs briefly then stops automatically.</div>
         </div>
 
-        <!-- TOOLS -->
+        <!-- Tools -->
         <div class="card">
           <div class="cardTitle">Tools</div>
 
-          <div class="toolsTopRow">
+          <div class="toolRowCentered">
-            <button class="toolBtn toolArrow toolDown" id="btnDec" type="button" aria-label="Decrement">▼</button>
+            <button class="toolBtn toolSpin toolDec" id="btnDec" type="button" aria-label="Decrement">▼</button>
-            <button class="toolBtn toolArrow toolUp" id="btnInc" type="button" aria-label="Increment">▲</button>
+            <button class="toolBtn toolSpin toolInc" id="btnInc" type="button" aria-label="Increment">▲</button>
           </div>
 
-          <div class="twoBtnRow">
+          <div class="toolRow2">
-            <button class="btn" id="btnShiftLeft" type="button">Left Shift</button>
+            <button class="btn btnHalf" id="btnShiftLeft" type="button">Left Shift</button>
-            <button class="btn" id="btnShiftRight" type="button">Right Shift</button>
+            <button class="btn btnHalf" id="btnShiftRight" type="button">Right Shift</button>
           </div>
 
-          <button class="toolBtn toolWide toolReset" id="btnClear" type="button">Reset</button>
+          <button class="btn btnReset btnWide" id="btnClear" type="button">Reset</button>
         </div>
       </aside>
     </section>

src/pages/hexadecimal.astro

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+import BaseLayout from "../layouts/BaseLayout.astro";
+import HexSimulator from "../components/simulators/HexSimulator.astro";
+---
+
+<BaseLayout title="Hexadecimal | Computing:Box">
+  <HexSimulator />
+</BaseLayout>

src/scripts/binary.js

@@ -34,9 +34,12 @@
   ----------------------------- */
   let bitCount = clampInt(Number(bitsInput?.value ?? 8), 1, 64);
   let bits = new Array(bitCount).fill(false);
-
   let randomTimer = null;
 
+  // For responsive wrapping of the top binary display
+  let nibblesPerLine = null;
+  let wrapMeasureSpan = null;
+
   /* -----------------------------
      HELPERS
   ----------------------------- */
@@ -80,6 +83,7 @@
   function unsignedBigIntToBits(vUnsigned) {
     const span = unsignedMaxExclusive(bitCount);
     const v = ((vUnsigned % span) + span) % span;
+
     for (let i = 0; i < bitCount; i++) {
       bits[i] = ((v >> BigInt(i)) & 1n) === 1n;
     }
@@ -98,16 +102,6 @@
     unsignedBigIntToBits(v);
   }
 
-  function formatBinaryGrouped() {
-    let s = "";
-    for (let i = bitCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-      s += bits[i] ? "1" : "0";
-      const posFromRight = (bitCount - i);
-      if (i !== 0 && posFromRight % 4 === 0) s += " ";
-    }
-    return s;
-  }
-
   function updateModeHint() {
     if (!modeHint) return;
     modeHint.textContent = isTwosMode()
@@ -115,6 +109,72 @@
       : "Tip: In unsigned binary, all bits represent positive values.";
   }
 
+  /* -----------------------------
+     TOP BINARY DISPLAY: responsive wrap by nibble count
+  ----------------------------- */
+  function ensureWrapMeasurer() {
+    if (wrapMeasureSpan || !binaryEl) return;
+    wrapMeasureSpan = document.createElement("span");
+    wrapMeasureSpan.style.position = "absolute";
+    wrapMeasureSpan.style.visibility = "hidden";
+    wrapMeasureSpan.style.whiteSpace = "pre";
+    wrapMeasureSpan.style.pointerEvents = "none";
+    // Inherit font/letterspacing from binaryEl
+    wrapMeasureSpan.style.font = getComputedStyle(binaryEl).font;
+    wrapMeasureSpan.style.letterSpacing = getComputedStyle(binaryEl).letterSpacing;
+    document.body.appendChild(wrapMeasureSpan);
+  }
+
+  function computeNibblesPerLine() {
+    if (!binaryEl) return null;
+    ensureWrapMeasurer();
+
+    // Available width = width of the readout area (binaryEl parent)
+    const host = binaryEl.parentElement;
+    if (!host) return null;
+
+    const hostW = host.getBoundingClientRect().width;
+    if (!Number.isFinite(hostW) || hostW <= 0) return null;
+
+    // Measure one nibble including trailing space ("0000 ")
+    wrapMeasureSpan.textContent = "0000 ";
+    const nibbleW = wrapMeasureSpan.getBoundingClientRect().width || 1;
+
+    // Safety: keep at least 1 nibble per line
+    const max = Math.max(1, Math.floor(hostW / nibbleW));
+    return max;
+  }
+
+  function formatBinaryWrapped() {
+    // EXACT bitCount digits (no padding to 4)
+    let raw = "";
+    for (let i = bitCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) raw += bits[i] ? "1" : "0";
+
+    // If <= 4 bits, do NOT insert spaces/newlines at all
+    if (bitCount <= 4) return raw;
+
+    const groups = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < raw.length; i += 4) {
+      groups.push(raw.slice(i, i + 4));
+    }
+
+    const perLine = nibblesPerLine ?? groups.length;
+    if (perLine >= groups.length) return groups.join(" ");
+
+    const lines = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < groups.length; i += perLine) {
+      lines.push(groups.slice(i, i + perLine).join(" "));
+    }
+    return lines.join("\n");
+  }
+
+  function refreshBinaryWrap() {
+    const next = computeNibblesPerLine();
+    // Only update if it actually changes (prevents jitter)
+    if (next !== nibblesPerLine) nibblesPerLine = next;
+    updateReadout(); // re-render with new wrap
+  }
+
   /* -----------------------------
      BUILD UI (BITS)
   ----------------------------- */
@@ -128,9 +188,17 @@
 
     bitsGrid.innerHTML = "";
 
+    bitsGrid.classList.toggle("bitsFew", bitCount < 8);
+    if (bitCount < 8) {
+      bitsGrid.style.setProperty("--cols", String(bitCount));
+    } else {
+      bitsGrid.style.removeProperty("--cols");
+    }
+
     for (let i = bitCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
       const bitEl = document.createElement("div");
       bitEl.className = "bit";
+
       bitEl.innerHTML = `
         <div class="bulb" id="bulb-${i}" aria-hidden="true">💡</div>
         <div class="bitVal" id="bitLabel-${i}"></div>
@@ -139,6 +207,7 @@
           <span class="slider"></span>
         </label>
       `;
+
       bitsGrid.appendChild(bitEl);
     }
 
@@ -150,6 +219,28 @@
       });
     });
 
+    // bulb styling + 25% bigger (vs 26px previously)
+    for (let i = 0; i < bitCount; i++) {
+      const bulb = document.getElementById(`bulb-${i}`);
+      if (!bulb) continue;
+      bulb.style.width = "auto";
+      bulb.style.height = "auto";
+      bulb.style.border = "none";
+      bulb.style.background = "transparent";
+      bulb.style.borderRadius = "0";
+      bulb.style.boxShadow = "none";
+      bulb.style.opacity = "0.45";
+      bulb.style.fontSize = "32px";
+      bulb.style.lineHeight = "1";
+      bulb.style.display = "flex";
+      bulb.style.alignItems = "center";
+      bulb.style.justifyContent = "center";
+      bulb.style.filter = "grayscale(1)";
+      bulb.textContent = "💡";
+    }
+
+    // wrapping may change when bit width changes
+    refreshBinaryWrap();
     updateUI();
   }
 
@@ -161,10 +252,8 @@
       const label = document.getElementById(`bitLabel-${i}`);
       if (!label) continue;
 
-      // Keep label on ONE LINE (no wrapping)
-      label.style.whiteSpace = "nowrap";
-
       if (isTwosMode() && i === bitCount - 1) {
+        // Keep on one line (CSS: white-space:nowrap)
         label.textContent = `-${pow2Big(bitCount - 1).toString()}`;
       } else {
         label.textContent = pow2Big(i).toString();
@@ -183,14 +272,25 @@
     for (let i = 0; i < bitCount; i++) {
       const bulb = document.getElementById(`bulb-${i}`);
       if (!bulb) continue;
-      bulb.classList.toggle("on", bits[i] === true);
+
+      const on = bits[i] === true;
+      if (on) {
+        bulb.style.opacity = "1";
+        bulb.style.filter = "grayscale(0)";
+        bulb.style.textShadow = "0 0 18px rgba(255,216,107,.75), 0 0 30px rgba(255,216,107,.45)";
+      } else {
+        bulb.style.opacity = "0.45";
+        bulb.style.filter = "grayscale(1)";
+        bulb.style.textShadow = "none";
+      }
     }
   }
 
   function updateReadout() {
     if (!denaryEl || !binaryEl) return;
+
     denaryEl.textContent = (isTwosMode() ? bitsToSignedBigIntTwos() : bitsToUnsignedBigInt()).toString();
-    binaryEl.textContent = formatBinaryGrouped();
+    binaryEl.textContent = formatBinaryWrapped();
   }
 
   function updateUI() {
@@ -202,16 +302,18 @@
   }
 
   /* -----------------------------
-     INPUT SETTERS
+     SET FROM INPUT
   ----------------------------- */
   function setFromBinaryString(binStr) {
     const clean = String(binStr ?? "").replace(/\s+/g, "");
     if (!/^[01]+$/.test(clean)) return false;
+
     const padded = clean.slice(-bitCount).padStart(bitCount, "0");
     for (let i = 0; i < bitCount; i++) {
       const charFromRight = padded[padded.length - 1 - i];
       bits[i] = charFromRight === "1";
     }
+
     updateUI();
     return true;
   }
@@ -253,13 +355,15 @@
   }
 
   function shiftRight() {
-    // Unsigned: logical right shift (MSB becomes 0)
+    if (isTwosMode()) {
-    // Two's complement: arithmetic right shift (MSB preserved)
+      // arithmetic right shift: keep MSB
-    const msb = bits[bitCount - 1];
+      const msb = bits[bitCount - 1];
-
+      for (let i = 0; i < bitCount - 1; i++) bits[i] = bits[i + 1];
-    for (let i = 0; i < bitCount - 1; i++) bits[i] = bits[i + 1];
+      bits[bitCount - 1] = msb;
-
+    } else {
-    bits[bitCount - 1] = isTwosMode() ? msb : false;
+      for (let i = 0; i < bitCount - 1; i++) bits[i] = bits[i + 1];
+      bits[bitCount - 1] = false;
+    }
     updateUI();
   }
 
@@ -280,8 +384,7 @@
       signedBigIntToBitsTwos(v);
     } else {
       const span = unsignedMaxExclusive(bitCount);
-      const v = (bitsToUnsignedBigInt() + 1n) % span;
+      unsignedBigIntToBits((bitsToUnsignedBigInt() + 1n) % span);
-      unsignedBigIntToBits(v);
     }
     updateUI();
   }
@@ -295,18 +398,16 @@
       signedBigIntToBitsTwos(v);
     } else {
       const span = unsignedMaxExclusive(bitCount);
-      const v = (bitsToUnsignedBigInt() - 1n + span) % span;
+      unsignedBigIntToBits((bitsToUnsignedBigInt() - 1n + span) % span);
-      unsignedBigIntToBits(v);
     }
     updateUI();
   }
 
   /* -----------------------------
-     RANDOM (with running pulse + longer run)
+     RANDOM
   ----------------------------- */
   function cryptoRandomBigInt(maxExclusive) {
     if (maxExclusive <= 0n) return 0n;
-
     const bitLen = maxExclusive.toString(2).length;
     const byteLen = Math.ceil(bitLen / 8);
 
@@ -319,13 +420,12 @@
 
       const extraBits = BigInt(byteLen * 8 - bitLen);
       if (extraBits > 0n) x = x >> extraBits;
-
       if (x < maxExclusive) return x;
     }
   }
 
   function setRandomOnce() {
-    const span = unsignedMaxExclusive(bitCount); // 2^n
+    const span = unsignedMaxExclusive(bitCount);
     const u = cryptoRandomBigInt(span);
     unsignedBigIntToBits(u);
     updateUI();
@@ -337,11 +437,8 @@
       randomTimer = null;
     }
 
-    // pulse while running
-    btnRandom?.classList.add("is-running");
-
     const start = Date.now();
-    const durationMs = 1125; // 25% longer than 900ms
+    const durationMs = 1125; // (your “~25% longer” vs 900ms)
     const tickMs = 80;
 
     randomTimer = setInterval(() => {
@@ -349,31 +446,30 @@
       if (Date.now() - start >= durationMs) {
         clearInterval(randomTimer);
         randomTimer = null;
-        btnRandom?.classList.remove("is-running");
       }
     }, tickMs);
   }
 
   /* -----------------------------
-     BIT WIDTH
+     BIT WIDTH CONTROLS
   ----------------------------- */
   function setBitWidth(n) {
     buildBits(clampInt(n, 1, 64));
   }
 
   /* -----------------------------
-     TOOLBOX VISIBILITY
+     TOOLBOX TOGGLE (simple open/close state)
   ----------------------------- */
-  function setToolboxVisible(isVisible) {
+  function setToolboxOpen(open) {
-    if (!toolboxPanel) return;
+    document.body.classList.toggle("toolboxClosed", !open);
-    toolboxPanel.style.display = isVisible ? "flex" : "none";
+    toolboxToggle?.setAttribute("aria-expanded", open ? "true" : "false");
-    toolboxToggle?.setAttribute("aria-expanded", String(isVisible));
+    refreshBinaryWrap(); // width changes when toolbox closes/opens
   }
 
   /* -----------------------------
      EVENTS
   ----------------------------- */
-  modeToggle?.addEventListener("change", updateUI);
+  modeToggle?.addEventListener("change", () => updateUI());
 
   btnCustomBinary?.addEventListener("click", () => {
     const v = prompt(`Enter binary (spaces allowed). Current width: ${bitCount} bits`);
@@ -384,8 +480,8 @@
   btnCustomDenary?.addEventListener("click", () => {
     const v = prompt(
       isTwosMode()
-        ? `Enter denary (${twosMin(bitCount)} to ${twosMax(bitCount)}):`
+        ? `Enter denary (${twosMin(bitCount).toString()} to ${twosMax(bitCount).toString()}):`
-        : `Enter denary (0 to ${unsignedMaxValue(bitCount)}):`
+        : `Enter denary (0 to ${unsignedMaxValue(bitCount).toString()}):`
     );
     if (v === null) return;
     if (!setFromDenaryInput(v)) alert("Invalid denary for current mode/bit width");
@@ -406,8 +502,15 @@
   bitsInput?.addEventListener("change", () => setBitWidth(Number(bitsInput.value)));
 
   toolboxToggle?.addEventListener("click", () => {
-    const isOpen = toolboxToggle.getAttribute("aria-expanded") !== "false";
+    const isOpen = !document.body.classList.contains("toolboxClosed");
-    setToolboxVisible(!isOpen);
+    setToolboxOpen(!isOpen);
+  });
+
+  // Recompute wrapping live when the window size changes
+  let resizeT = null;
+  window.addEventListener("resize", () => {
+    if (resizeT) clearTimeout(resizeT);
+    resizeT = setTimeout(() => refreshBinaryWrap(), 60);
   });
 
   /* -----------------------------
@@ -415,5 +518,5 @@
   ----------------------------- */
   updateModeHint();
   buildBits(bitCount);
-  setToolboxVisible(true);
+  setToolboxOpen(true);
 })();

src/styles/binary.css

@@ -1,412 +1,326 @@
+/* Binary page styles (moved OUT of binary.astro) */
+
 :root{
-  --bg: #1f2027;
+  --panel-w: 360px;
-  --panel2: rgba(255,255,255,.04);
+  --gap: 22px;
-  --text: #e8e8ee;
-  --muted: #a9acb8;
-  --accent: #33ff7a;
-  --accent-dim: rgba(51,255,122,.15);
-  --line: rgba(255,255,255,.12);
-}
-
-/* NUMBERS font */
-@font-face{
-  font-family: "DSEG7ClassicRegular";
-  src:
-    url("/fonts/DSEG7Classic-Regular.woff") format("woff"),
-    url("/fonts/DSEG7Classic-Regular.ttf") format("truetype");
-  font-weight: 400;
-  font-style: normal;
-  font-display: swap;
-}
-
-/* TEXT font */
-@font-face{
-  font-family: "SevenSegment";
-  src:
-    url("/fonts/Seven-Segment.woff2") format("woff2"),
-    url("/fonts/Seven-Segment.woff") format("woff");
-  font-weight: 400;
-  font-style: normal;
-  font-display: swap;
-}
-
-body{
-  margin:0;
-  font-family: "SevenSegment", system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;
-  background: var(--bg);
-  color: var(--text);
 }
 
 .wrap{
   max-width: 1400px;
   margin: 0 auto;
-  padding: 26px 22px 60px;
+  padding: 26px 20px 48px;
+  position: relative;
 }
 
-/* MAIN GRID */
 .topGrid{
-  display:grid;
+  display: grid;
-  grid-template-columns: 1fr 360px;
+  grid-template-columns: 1fr var(--panel-w);
-  gap: 28px;
+  gap: var(--gap);
-  align-items:start;
+  align-items: start;
 }
 
-/* Toolbox toggle BELOW navbar */
+/* When toolbox is hidden, reclaim space + centre content */
-.toolboxToggle{
+body.toolboxClosed .topGrid{
-  position: sticky;
+  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
-  top: calc(var(--nav-height) + 10px);
+}
-  z-index: 900;
+body.toolboxClosed #toolboxPanel{
-  float: right;
+  display: none;
-
+}
-  display:inline-flex;
+
-  align-items:center;
+.mainCol{
-  gap: 10px;
+  min-width: 0;
-
-  background: rgba(255,255,255,.06);
-  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.14);
-  color: #fff;
-  padding: 10px 14px;
-  border-radius: 12px;
-  font-weight: 900;
-  cursor: pointer;
-  letter-spacing: .10em;
-  text-transform: uppercase;
-  font-size: 12px;
 }
-.toolboxToggle:hover{ background: rgba(255,255,255,.09); }
 
-/* Readout */
 .readout{
-  text-align:center;
+  text-align: center;
-  padding: 10px 10px 0;
+  margin-top: 8px;
 }
 
 .label{
-  letter-spacing: .18em;
+  opacity: .8;
-  font-weight: 900;
+  letter-spacing: .12em;
-  color: var(--muted);
   text-transform: uppercase;
-  font-size: 13px;
+  font-size: 12px;
-  margin-top: 10px;
 }
 
+/* IMPORTANT: allow shrinking below 4 bits (no min-width!) */
 .num{
-  font-family: "DSEG7ClassicRegular", ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace;
+  display: inline-block;
-  font-weight: 400;
+  width: fit-content;
-  color: var(--accent);
+  max-width: 100%;
-  text-shadow: 0 0 18px var(--accent-dim);
+  white-space: pre-line; /* allows JS \n wraps */
+  letter-spacing: 2px;
 }
 
 .denaryValue{
-  font-size: 52px;
+  font-size: 54px;
-  line-height: 1.0;
   margin: 6px 0 10px;
 }
 
 .binaryValue{
-  font-size: 46px;
+  font-size: 56px;
-  letter-spacing: .14em;
+  margin: 4px 0 18px;
-  line-height: 1.05;
-  margin: 6px 0 14px;
-  white-space: pre-wrap;
-  word-break: break-word;
 }
 
 .divider{
-  margin-top: 26px;
+  height: 1px;
-  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,.10);
+  margin: 14px auto 24px;
+  max-width: 900px;
 }
 
-/* RIGHT COLUMN */
+.bitsWrap{
+  padding-top: 6px;
+}
+
+.bitsGrid{
+  display: grid;
+  gap: 24px;
+  justify-content: center;
+}
+
+/* Default: a single row of bits (will wrap automatically as bit count grows) */
+.bitsGrid{
+  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(110px, 1fr));
+  max-width: 1200px;
+  margin: 0 auto;
+}
+
+.bitsGrid.bitsFew{
+  justify-content: center;
+}
+
+/* Bit tile */
+.bit{
+  display: grid;
+  justify-items: center;
+  gap: 8px;
+}
+
+.bulb{
+  font-size: 32px; /* JS also bumps this */
+  line-height: 1;
+  opacity: .45;
+}
+
+.bitVal{
+  font-size: 22px;
+  line-height: 1.05;
+  text-align: center;
+  white-space: nowrap; /* keep -128 on one line */
+}
+
+/* Switch (existing classes assumed) */
+.switch{
+  position: relative;
+  display: inline-block;
+  width: 52px;
+  height: 28px;
+}
+.switch input{ display:none; }
+.slider{
+  position:absolute;
+  inset:0;
+  border-radius:999px;
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,.18);
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.14);
+}
+.slider:before{
+  content:"";
+  position:absolute;
+  height: 22px;
+  width: 22px;
+  left: 3px;
+  top: 2.5px;
+  border-radius: 999px;
+  background: #fff;
+  transition: transform .18s ease;
+}
+.switch input:checked + .slider:before{
+  transform: translateX(22px);
+}
+
+/* Toolbox toggle button */
+.toolboxToggle{
+  position: absolute;
+  right: 20px;
+  top: 18px;
+  z-index: 20;
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 10px;
+  padding: 10px 14px;
+  border-radius: 12px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.14);
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,.06);
+  color: rgba(255,255,255,.92);
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+.toolboxText{
+  letter-spacing: .12em;
+  font-weight: 900;
+}
+
+/* Toolbox panel */
 .panelCol{
-  display:flex;
+  position: sticky;
-  flex-direction:column;
+  top: calc(var(--nav-h, 72px) + 18px);
-  gap: 14px;
+  align-self: start;
+  display: grid;
+  gap: 16px;
 }
 
+/* Cards */
 .card{
-  background: var(--panel2);
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12);
-  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.10);
+  border-radius: 16px;
-  border-radius: 14px;
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,.05);
   padding: 14px;
 }
-
 .cardTitle{
-  letter-spacing: .18em;
+  opacity: .8;
-  font-weight: 900;
+  letter-spacing: .14em;
-  color: var(--muted);
   text-transform: uppercase;
   font-size: 12px;
-  margin: 0 0 10px;
+  margin-bottom: 10px;
+}
+
+.hint{
+  opacity: .7;
+  font-size: 11px;
+  margin-top: 10px;
+  line-height: 1.35;
+}
+
+/* Keep mode labels on one line */
+.toggleRow{
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr;
+  gap: 10px;
+  align-items: center;
+}
+.toggleLabel{
+  font-size: 12px;
+  font-weight: 800;
+  letter-spacing: .12em;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+  white-space: nowrap;
 }
 
 .subCard{
   margin-top: 12px;
-  background: rgba(255,255,255,.04);
   border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.10);
-  border-radius: 12px;
+  border-radius: 14px;
+  background: rgba(0,0,0,.12);
   padding: 12px;
 }
-
 .subTitle{
-  letter-spacing: .18em;
+  opacity: .8;
-  font-weight: 900;
+  letter-spacing: .14em;
-  color: var(--muted);
   text-transform: uppercase;
   font-size: 11px;
-  margin: 0 0 10px;
-}
-
-.hint{
-  color: var(--muted);
-  font-size: 12px;
-  margin-top: 8px;
-  line-height: 1.35;
-}
-
-.toggleRow{
-  display:flex;
-  align-items:center;
-  justify-content:space-between;
-  gap: 10px;
-}
-
-.toggleLabel{
-  color: var(--text);
-  font-weight: 900;
-  font-size: 13px;
-  letter-spacing: .08em;
-  text-transform: uppercase;
-}
-
-/* Switch */
-.switch{
-  position: relative;
-  width: 56px;
-  height: 34px;
-  display:inline-block;
-  flex: 0 0 auto;
-}
-.switch input{ opacity:0; width:0; height:0; }
-.slider{
-  position:absolute;
-  inset:0;
-  background: rgba(255,255,255,.10);
-  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.14);
-  border-radius: 999px;
-  transition: .18s ease;
-}
-.slider::before{
-  content:"";
-  position:absolute;
-  height: 28px;
-  width: 28px;
-  left: 3px;
-  top: 2px;
-  background: rgba(255,255,255,.92);
-  border-radius: 50%;
-  transition: .18s ease;
-}
-.switch input:checked + .slider{
-  background: rgba(51,255,122,.20);
-  border-color: rgba(51,255,122,.55);
-}
-.switch input:checked + .slider::before{
-  transform: translateX(22px);
-  background: var(--accent);
-}
-
-/* Buttons */
-.btn{
-  background: rgba(255,255,255,.06);
-  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.14);
-  color: #fff;
-  padding: 12px 14px;
-  border-radius: 12px;
-  font-weight: 900;
-  cursor: pointer;
-  letter-spacing: .10em;
-  text-transform: uppercase;
-  font-size: 12px;
-}
-.btn:active{ transform: translateY(1px); }
-
-.btnAccent{
-  background: rgba(51,255,122,.18);
-  border-color: rgba(51,255,122,.45);
-}
-
-.customRow{
-  display:grid;
-  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
-  gap: 10px;
   margin-bottom: 10px;
 }
 
-.btnRandom{
-  width: 100%;
-}
-
-/* Random pulse ONLY while running */
-@keyframes pulseGreen {
-  0%   { box-shadow: 0 0 0 rgba(51,255,122,0); }
-  50%  { box-shadow: 0 0 18px rgba(51,255,122,.55), 0 0 28px rgba(51,255,122,.25); }
-  100% { box-shadow: 0 0 0 rgba(51,255,122,0); }
-}
-.btnRandom.is-running{
-  animation: pulseGreen 0.9s ease-in-out infinite;
-}
-
-/* Tools */
-.toolRowCenter{
-  display:flex;
-  justify-content:center;
-  gap: 10px;
-  margin-bottom: 10px;
-}
-
-.toolBtn{
-  height: 48px;
-  width: 66px;
-  border-radius: 12px;
-  background: rgba(255,255,255,.06);
-  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.14);
-  color: #fff;
-  cursor: pointer;
-  font-weight: 900;
-  font-size: 22px;
-}
-
-.toolDec{
-  background: rgba(255,0,0,.18);
-  border-color: rgba(255,0,0,.35);
-}
-.toolInc{
-  background: rgba(51,255,122,.18);
-  border-color: rgba(51,255,122,.35);
-}
-
-.shiftRow{
-  display:grid;
-  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
-  gap: 10px;
-  margin-bottom: 10px;
-}
-
-/* Reset full-width + red hover pulse/background */
-.btnReset{
-  width: 100%;
-}
-
-@keyframes pulseRedBg {
-  0%   { box-shadow: 0 0 0 rgba(255,0,0,0); background: rgba(255,0,0,.14); }
-  50%  { box-shadow: 0 0 18px rgba(255,0,0,.45), 0 0 28px rgba(255,0,0,.20); background: rgba(255,0,0,.28); }
-  100% { box-shadow: 0 0 0 rgba(255,0,0,0); background: rgba(255,0,0,.14); }
-}
-.btnReset:hover{
-  border-color: rgba(255,0,0,.45);
-  animation: pulseRedBg 0.9s ease-in-out infinite;
-}
-
-/* Bit width control */
 .bitWidthRow{
-  display:grid;
+  display: grid;
   grid-template-columns: 44px 1fr 44px;
   gap: 10px;
-  align-items:center;
+  align-items: center;
-}
-
-.miniBtn{
-  height:44px;
-  width:44px;
-  border-radius:12px;
-  background:rgba(255,255,255,.06);
-  border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.14);
-  color:#fff;
-  cursor:pointer;
-  font-weight:900;
-  font-size:18px;
 }
 
 .bitInputWrap{
-  background:rgba(255,255,255,.06);
+  display: grid;
-  border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.14);
+  grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;
-  border-radius:12px;
+  gap: 10px;
-  padding:10px 12px;
+  align-items: center;
-  display:flex;
+  padding: 10px 12px;
-  align-items:center;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.10);
-  justify-content:space-between;
+  border-radius: 12px;
-  gap:12px;
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,.04);
 }
 .bitInputLabel{
-  color:var(--muted);
+  opacity: .75;
-  font-size:12px;
+  letter-spacing: .14em;
-  font-weight:900;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
-  letter-spacing:.18em;
+  font-size: 11px;
-  text-transform:uppercase;
-}
-.bitInput{
-  width: 86px;
-  text-align:right;
-  background:transparent;
-  border:none;
-  outline:none;
-  color:var(--accent);
-  font-family:"DSEG7ClassicRegular", ui-monospace, monospace;
-  font-size:28px;
-}
-.bitInput::-webkit-outer-spin-button,
-.bitInput::-webkit-inner-spin-button{
-  -webkit-appearance:none;
-  margin:0;
-}
-
-/* Bits grid */
-.bitsWrap{ margin-top: 22px; }
-
-.bitsGrid{
-  display:grid;
-  gap: 18px;
-  justify-content:center;
-  grid-template-columns: repeat(8, minmax(92px, 1fr));
-  padding-top: 18px;
-}
-
-.bit{
-  display:flex;
-  flex-direction:column;
-  align-items:center;
-  gap: 10px;
-  padding: 8px 4px;
-  text-align:center;
-}
-
-/* Bulb 25% bigger */
-.bulb{
-  font-size: 32px; /* was ~26 */
-  line-height: 1;
-  opacity: .45;
-  filter: grayscale(1);
-}
-.bulb.on{
-  opacity: 1;
-  filter: grayscale(0);
-  text-shadow: 0 0 14px rgba(255,216,107,.75), 0 0 26px rgba(255,216,107,.45);
-}
-
-.bitVal{
-  font-family:"DSEG7ClassicRegular", ui-monospace, monospace;
-  font-size: 28px;
-  color: var(--text);
-  opacity: .95;
-  line-height: 1.05;
-  min-height: 32px;
-
-  /* prevent “run together” when huge values */
   white-space: nowrap;
 }
-
+.bitInput{
-@media (max-width: 980px){
+  width: 100%;
-  .topGrid{ grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
+  min-width: 0;
-  .toolboxToggle{ float:none; }
+  background: transparent;
+  border: none;
+  outline: none;
+  color: inherit;
+  font-size: 20px;
+  text-align: right;
+}
+
+.miniBtn{
+  height: 44px;
+  border-radius: 12px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12);
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,.06);
+  color: rgba(255,255,255,.9);
+  font-size: 18px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+/* Buttons */
+.controlsRow{
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
+  gap: 10px;
+  margin-bottom: 10px;
+}
+
+.btn{
+  border-radius: 12px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12);
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,.06);
+  color: rgba(255,255,255,.92);
+  padding: 12px 12px;
+  font-weight: 800;
+  letter-spacing: .10em;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+.btnWide{ width: 100%; }
+
+.btnAccent{
+  background: rgba(0,255,140,.12);
+  border-color: rgba(0,255,140,.22);
+}
+
+.toolRowCentered{
+  display: flex;
+  justify-content: center;
+  gap: 12px;
+  margin: 10px 0 12px;
+}
+
+.toolBtn{
+  width: 56px;
+  height: 56px;
+  border-radius: 14px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12);
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,.06);
+  color: rgba(255,255,255,.92);
+  font-size: 18px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+.toolDec{ background: rgba(255,0,0,.14); border-color: rgba(255,0,0,.20); }
+.toolInc{ background: rgba(0,255,140,.14); border-color: rgba(0,255,140,.20); }
+
+.toolRow2{
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
+  gap: 10px;
+  margin-bottom: 12px;
+}
+
+/* Reset stays white text */
+.btnReset{
+  color: rgba(255,255,255,.92);
 }